scholarly journals Coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus non-structural proteins 8 and 12 form stable complex independent of the non-translated regions of viral RNA and other viral proteins

Virology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 513 ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wah Tan ◽  
To Sing Fung ◽  
Hongyuan Shen ◽  
Mei Huang ◽  
Ding Xiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

A survey of the prevalence of infectious bronchitis virus type 4/91 in Iran

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Seyfi Abad Shapouri ◽  
M. Mayahi ◽  
K. Assasi ◽  
S. Charkhkar
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
High Prevalence

To evaluate the prevalence of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) type 4/91 in Iran, tracheal swabs from 77 broiler flocks in 16 provinces were collected at the slaughterhouse. Swabs were subjected to RNA extraction and tested by RT-PCR, followed by a type-specific nested PCR. The viral RNA was detected in 33 samples (42.8%) from different provinces. The results indicate a relatively high prevalence of IBV type 4/91 in Iran and necessitate revising the vaccination programme against this disease.

scholarly journals The SARS CoV-1 3a protein disrupts Golgi complex morphology and cargo trafficking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex R. Gonzales ◽  
Carolyn E. Machamer
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Transfected Cells ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Complex Morphology ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Intermediate Compartment ◽  
Acidic Compartments

Coronaviruses assemble by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, but the pathway of egress from infected cells is not well understood. Efficient egress of infectious bronchitis virus (a gamma coronavirus, CoV) requires neutralization of Golgi pH by the envelope (E) protein. This results in reduced rates of cargo traffic and disrupts Golgi morphology, but it protects the spike protein from aberrant proteolysis. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV-1 E protein does not disrupt the Golgi, however. We show here that in transfected cells, the ORF3a protein of SARS CoV-1 disrupts Golgi morphology, cargo trafficking and luminal pH. Unlike the infectious bronchitis virus E protein, these functions of the SARS CoV-1 3a protein appear to require its viroporin activity. Thus, neutralization of acidic compartments may be a universal feature of CoV infection, although different viral proteins and mechanisms may be used to achieve this outcome.

scholarly journals Infectious Bronchitis Virus Generates Spherules from Zippered Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena J. Maier ◽  
Philippa C. Hawes ◽  
Eleanor M. Cottam ◽  
Judith Mantell ◽  
Paul Verkade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Infected Cells

ABSTRACTReplication of positive-sense RNA viruses is associated with the rearrangement of cellular membranes. Previous work on the infection of tissue culture cell lines with the betacoronaviruses mouse hepatitis virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) showed that they generate double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) and convoluted membranes as part of a reticular membrane network. Here we describe a detailed study of the membrane rearrangements induced by the avian gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in a mammalian cell line but also in primary avian cells and in epithelial cells ofex vivotracheal organ cultures. In all cell types, structures novel to IBV infection were identified that we have termed zippered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and spherules. Zippered ER lacked luminal space, suggesting zippering of ER cisternae, while spherules appeared as uniform invaginations of zippered ER. Electron tomography showed that IBV-induced spherules are tethered to the zippered ER and that there is a channel connecting the interior of the spherule with the cytoplasm, a feature thought to be necessary for sites of RNA synthesis but not seen previously for membrane rearrangements induced by coronaviruses. We also identified DMVs in IBV-infected cells that were observed as single individual DMVs or were connected to the ER via their outer membrane but not to the zippered ER. Interestingly, IBV-induced spherules strongly resemble confirmed sites of RNA synthesis for alphaviruses, nodaviruses, and bromoviruses, which may indicate similar strategies of IBV and these diverse viruses for the assembly of RNA replication complexes.IMPORTANCEAll positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses induce rearranged cellular membranes, providing a platform for viral replication complex assembly and protecting viral RNA from cellular defenses. We have studied the membrane rearrangements induced by an important poultry pathogen, the gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Previous work studying closely related betacoronaviruses identified double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) and convoluted membranes (CMs) derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in infected cells. However, the role of DMVs and CMs in viral RNA synthesis remains unclear because these sealed vesicles lack a means of delivering viral RNA to the cytoplasm. Here, we characterized structures novel to IBV infection: zippered ER and small vesicles tethered to the zippered ER termed spherules. Significantly, spherules contain a channel connecting their interior to the cytoplasm and strongly resemble confirmed sites of RNA synthesis for other positive-sense RNA viruses, making them ideal candidates for the site of IBV RNA synthesis.

scholarly journals Coronavirus RNA Synthesis Takes Place within Membrane-Bound Sites

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2540
Author(s):  
Nicole Doyle ◽  
Jennifer Simpson ◽  
Philippa C. Hawes ◽  
Helena J. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Positive Strand Rna

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a gammacoronavirus, is an economically important virus to the poultry industry, as well as a significant welfare issue for chickens. As for all positive strand RNA viruses, IBV infection causes rearrangements of the host cell intracellular membranes to form replication organelles. Replication organelle formation is a highly conserved and vital step in the viral life cycle. Here, we investigate the localization of viral RNA synthesis and the link with replication organelles in host cells. We have shown that sites of viral RNA synthesis and virus-related dsRNA are associated with one another and, significantly, that they are located within a membrane-bound compartment within the cell. We have also shown that some viral RNA produced early in infection remains within these membranes throughout infection, while a proportion is trafficked to the cytoplasm. Importantly, we demonstrate conservation across all four coronavirus genera, including SARS-CoV-2. Understanding more about the replication of these viruses is imperative in order to effectively find ways to control them.

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