scholarly journals Erratum to “Plant SNAREs SYP22 and SYP23 interact with Tobacco mosaic virus 126 kDa protein and SYP2s are required for normal local virus accumulation and spread” [Virology 547 (2020) 57–71].

Virology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Amr Ibrahim ◽  
Xiaohua Yang ◽  
Chengke Liu ◽  
Kimberly D. Cooper ◽  
Bethany A. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Accumulation

scholarly journals ORF6 of Tobacco mosaic virus is a determinant of viral pathogenicity in Nicotiana benthamiana

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 3123-3133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Canto ◽  
Stuart A. MacFarlane ◽  
Peter Palukaitis
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Virus Accumulation ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) contains a sixth open reading frame (ORF6) that potentially encodes a 4·8 kDa protein. Elimination of ORF6 from TMV attenuated host responses in Nicotiana benthamiana without alteration in virus accumulation. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TMV ORF6 from either potato virus X (PVX) or tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vectors enhanced the virulence of both viruses in N. benthamiana, also without effects on their accumulation. By contrast, the presence or absence of TMV ORF6 had no effect on host response or virus accumulation in N. tabacum plants infected with TMV or PVX. TMV ORF6 also had no effect on the synergism between TMV and PVX in N. tabacum. However, the presence of the TMV ORF6 did have an effect on the pathogenicity of a TRV vector in N. tabacum. In three different types of assay carried out in N. benthamiana plants, expression of TMV ORF6 failed to suppress gene silencing. Expression in N. benthamiana epidermal cells of the encoded 4·8 kDa protein fused to the green fluorescent protein at either end showed, in addition to widespread cytosolic fluorescence, plasmodesmatal targeting specific to both fusion constructs. The role of the ORF6 in host responses is discussed.

scholarly journals Tobacco Mosaic Virus Replicase-Auxin/Indole Acetic Acid Protein Interactions: Reprogramming the Auxin Response Pathway To Enhance Virus Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2477-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenu S. Padmanabhan ◽  
Sabrina R. Kramer ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
James N. Culver
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Virus Accumulation ◽  
Cellular Environment

ABSTRACT The replicase protein of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) disrupts the localization and stability of interacting auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins in Arabidopsis, altering auxin-mediated gene regulation and promoting disease development (M. S. Padmanabhan, S. P. Goregaoker, S. Golem, H. Shiferaw, and J. N. Culver, J. Virol. 79:2549-2558, 2005). In this study, a similar replicase-Aux/IAA interaction affecting disease development was identified in tomato. The ability of the TMV replicase to interact with Aux/IAA proteins from diverse hosts suggests that these interactions contribute to the infection process. To examine the role of this interaction in virus pathogenicity, the replication and spread of a TMV mutant with a reduced ability to interact with specific Aux/IAA proteins were examined. Within young (4- to 6-week-old) leaf tissue, there were no significant differences in the abilities of Aux/IAA-interacting or -noninteracting viruses to replicate and spread. In contrast, in mature (10- to 12-week-old) leaf tissue, the inability to interact with specific Aux/IAA proteins correlated with a significant reduction in virus accumulation. Correspondingly, interacting Aux/IAA levels are significantly higher in older tissue and the overaccumulation of a degradation-resistant Aux/IAA protein reduced virus accumulation in young leaf tissue. Combined, these findings suggest that TMV replicase-Aux/IAA interactions selectively enhance virus pathogenicity in tissues where Aux/IAA proteins accumulate. We speculate that the virus disrupts Aux/IAA functions as a means to reprogram the cellular environment of older cells to one that is more compatible for virus replication and spread.

scholarly journals Plant SNAREs SYP22 and SYP23 interact with Tobacco mosaic virus 126 kDa protein and SYP2s are required for normal local virus accumulation and spread

Virology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 547 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Amr Ibrahim ◽  
Xiaohua Yang ◽  
Chengke Liu ◽  
Kimberly D. Cooper ◽  
Bethany A. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Accumulation

scholarly journals Effects of single and double infections with Potato virus X and Tobacco mosaic virus on disease development, plant growth, and virus accumulation in tomato

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLUSEGUN S. BALOGUN ◽  
LEIXIN XU ◽  
TOHRU TERAOKA ◽  
DAIJIRO HOSOKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Northern Hybridization ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Virus Accumulation ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The tomato cv. Fukuju nº. 2 was used for studying the effect of single and double infections with Potato virus X (PVX) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Mixed infection resulted in a synergistic increase of disease severity, where more growth reduction was seen with simultaneous inoculations than with sequential inoculations at four-day intervals. At five and 12 days post-inoculation, the increased severity of the disease coincided with enhancement of virus accumulation in the rapidly expanding upper leaves. The PVX concentration in leaves nº 5 to 7 of doubly infected plants was three to six fold that of singly infected ones, as determined by DAS-ELISA. Mixed infection with the L strain led to higher enhancement of PVX than with the TMV-L11A strain. The concentration of TMV-L was lower in double infection and significantly higher than TMV-L11A in both singly and doubly infected plants. Analyses of the PVX ORF2 by Western blot and Northern hybridization revealed the pattern of accumulation of the 25 kDa protein and the RNAs, respectively, following those of the virion and coat protein. The strain TMV-L11A overcame the resistance gene in cv. GCR 237 (Tm-1). In the upper leaf nº. 8, the concentration of PVX was three times higher in plants with mixed infection than with L11A. The concentrations of the L and OM (TMV strains) in both singly and doubly infected plants were at very low levels, and the synergistic effect on PVX concentration and disease severity was not observed.

scholarly journals Transgenic Plants Expressing Potato Virus X ORF2 Protein (p24) Are Resistant to Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Ob Tobamoviruses

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Ares ◽  
G. Calamante ◽  
S. Cabral ◽  
J. Lodge ◽  
P. Hemenway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Virus Accumulation

ABSTRACT The p24 protein, one of the three proteins implicated in local movement of potato virus X (PVX), was expressed in transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi D8 NN). Plants with the highest level of p24 accumulation exhibited a stunted and slightly chlorotic phenotype. These transgenic plants facilitate the cell-to-cell movement of a mutant of PVX that contained a frameshift mutation in p24. Upon inoculation with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), the size of necrotic local lesions was significantly smaller in p24+ plants than in nontransgenic, control plants. Systemic resistance to tobamoviruses was also evidenced after inoculation of p24+ plants with Ob, a virus that evades the hypersensitive response provided by the N gene. In the latter case, no systemic symptoms were observed, and virus accumulation remained low or undetectable by Western immunoblot analysis and back-inoculation assays. In contrast, no differences were observed in virus accumulation after inoculation with PVX, although more severe symptoms were evident on p24-expressing plants than on control plants. Similarly, infection assays conducted with potato virus Y showed no differences between control and transgenic plants. On the other hand, a considerable delay in virus accumulation and symptom development was observed when transgenic tobacco plants containing the movement protein (MP) of TMV were inoculated with PVX. Finally, a movement defective mutant of TMV was inoculated on p24+ plants or in mixed infections with PVX on nontransgenic plants. Both types of assays failed to produce TMV infections, implying that TMV MP is not interchangeable with the PVX MPs.

scholarly journals Reduction of tobacco mosaic virus accumulation in transgenic plants producing non-functional viral transport proteins

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Malyshenko ◽  
O. A. Kondakova ◽  
Ju. V. Nazarova ◽  
I. B. Kaplan ◽  
M. E. Taliansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Virus Accumulation ◽  
Viral Transport

scholarly journals Influence of Host Chloroplast Proteins on Tobacco mosaic virus Accumulation and Intercellular Movement

2012 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumana Bhat ◽  
Svetlana Y. Folimonova ◽  
Anthony B. Cole ◽  
Kimberly D. Ballard ◽  
Zhentian Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Accumulation ◽  
Chloroplast Proteins ◽  
Intercellular Movement

Quantitative Measurements on the Ion Etching of TMV

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
Irwin Bendet ◽  
Nabil Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Ion Etching ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Preliminary results reported last year on the ion etching of tobacco mosaic virus indicated that the diameter of the virus decreased more rapidly at 10KV than at 5KV, perhaps reaching a constant value before disappearing completely.In order to follow the effects of ion etching on TMV more quantitatively we have designed and built a second apparatus (Fig. 1), which incorporates monitoring devices for measuring ion current and vacuum as well as accelerating voltage. In addition, the beam diameter has been increased to approximately 1 cm., so that ten electron microscope grids can be exposed to the beam simultaneously.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Infected Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
Egbert W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Basal Septum ◽  
Concentration Levels

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection has been studied in several investigations of Nicotiana tabacum leaf tissue. Earlier studies have suggested that TMV infection does not have precise infective selectivity vs. specific types of tissues. Also, such tissue conditions as vein banding, vein clearing, liquification and suberization may result from causes other than direct TMV infection. At the present time, it is thought that the plasmodesmata, ectodesmata and perhaps the plasmodesmata of the basal septum may represent the actual or more precise sites of TMV infection.TMV infection has been implicated in elevated levels of oxidative metabolism; also, TMV infection may have a major role in host resistance vs. concentration levels of phenolic-type enzymes. Therefore, enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalamine ammonia-lyase may show an increase in activity in response to TMV infection. It has been reported that TMV infection may cause a decrease in o-dihydric phenols (chlorogenic acid) in some tissues.

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