In-lake measures for phosphorus control: The most feasible and cost-effective solution for long-term management of water quality in urban lakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Huser ◽  
Martyn Futter ◽  
Jeff T. Lee ◽  
Mike Perniel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Urban Lakes ◽  
Phosphorus Control ◽  
Term Management

scholarly journals Cost-effective Analysis of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Long-term Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-305
Author(s):  
Shazia Jamshed ◽  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Zeeshan Qadar ◽  
Umaira Alauddin ◽  
Sana Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Step Down ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Term Management

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that results from regurgitation of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. Treatment available for GERD includes lifestyle changes, antacids, histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and anti-reflux surgery. Aim: The aim of this review is to assess the cost-effectiveness of the use of PPIs in the long-term management of patients with GERD. Method: We searched in PubMed to identify related original articles with close consideration based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to choose the best studies for this narrative review. The first section compares the cost-effectiveness of PPIs with H2RAs in long-term heartburn management. The other sections shall only discuss the cost-effectiveness of PPIs in 5 different strategies, namely, continuous (step-up, step-down, and maintenance), on-demand, and intermittent therapies. Results: Of 55 articles published, 10 studies published from 2000 to 2015 were included. Overall, PPIs are more effective in relieving heartburn in comparison with ranitidine. The use of PPIs in managing heartburn in long-term consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has higher cost compared with H2RA. However, if the decision-maker is willing to pay more than US$174 788.60 per extra quality-adjusted life year (QALY), then the optimal strategy is traditional NSAID (tNSAID) and PPIs. The probability of being cost-effective was also highest for NSAID and PPI co-therapy users. On-demand PPI treatment strategy showed dominant with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$2197 per QALY gained and was most effective and cost saving compared with all the other treatments. The average cost-effectiveness ratio was lower for rabeprazole therapy than for ranitidine therapy. Conclusion: Our review revealed that long-term treatment with PPIs is effective but costly. To achieve long-term cost-effective approach, we recommend on-demand approach to treat heartburn symptoms, but if the symptoms persist, treatment with continuous step-down therapy should be applied.

scholarly journals The ongoing battle against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
Qurratulain Hyder ◽  
◽  
Khawaja Husnain Haider ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Term Management

After spillover from Wuhan (China) in December, 2019, SARS-CoV-2 related respiratory disease (COVID-19) has rapidly affected all countries. The pandemic has posed a serious threat to world health resources. At present, there is no recommended treatment or vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. However, various drug combinations are under trial. Reversion to general principles of prevention is the preferred strategy under such circumstances. We discuss the importance of wearing a face mask and present a cost-effective approach for long-term management of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Managing the unmanageable: reinstating the dingo for pastoral sustainability in Australian rangelands

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
David Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Arid Rangelands ◽  
Term Management

The predominant grazing management system used in the arid rangelands regions of Australia, set stocking, is not conducive to sustainable land management. More appropriate grazing management systems based upon periodic rest periods for important pasture species have not been adopted by pastoralists because the unmanaged grazing pressure from animals such as goats and kangaroos has been too high. Dingoes are the only cost-effective and long-term management solution to the effect of unmanaged grazing by goats and kangaroos. Yet government funding targets dingo eradication in pastoral areas, and it does so by adopting misleading and scientifically inaccurate terms for describing dingoes.

Possum biocontrol: prospects for fertility regulation

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Cowan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Fertility Regulation ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Social

Research has begun recently into biocontrol of brushtail possums as the only long-term, cost-effective solution to the possum problem in New Zealand, where possums cause significant damage to native forests, threaten populations of native plants and animals, and infect cattle and deer with bovine tuberculosis. Fertility regulation as a means of biocontrol has the support of major animal welfare and conservation groups in New Zealand. Systems are being investigated, mostly in reproduction and development, with the ultimate aim of developing immunologically-based fertility regulation (immunocontraception), but much basic information essential to such an approach for possums is lacking. The key components for the success of this approach--suitable vectors expressing possum-specific reproductive antigens sufficiently to block reproduction--are reviewed. The social and political issues of local, national and international risk and acceptability arising from such an approach are also discussed.

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