scholarly journals The ongoing battle against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
Qurratulain Hyder ◽  
◽  
Khawaja Husnain Haider ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Term Management

After spillover from Wuhan (China) in December, 2019, SARS-CoV-2 related respiratory disease (COVID-19) has rapidly affected all countries. The pandemic has posed a serious threat to world health resources. At present, there is no recommended treatment or vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. However, various drug combinations are under trial. Reversion to general principles of prevention is the preferred strategy under such circumstances. We discuss the importance of wearing a face mask and present a cost-effective approach for long-term management of COVID-19.

A Client's Fit for Purpose Solutions in Well Abandonment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Thiam Yap ◽  
Avinash Kishore Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Well Abandonment ◽  
Oil Company

Abstract Typically, most of the well abandonment practice is reference to the recognized industry standards i.e. NORSOK, UK Oil & Gas and etc, and this is how the wells abandonment was carried out in the past. These practices however evolved/changed over time with lessons learnt and experiences and turn into a fit for purpose solutions for the Client. The shift in international and local standards and regulations for a robust plug and abandonment approach has placed the need for a better and long lasting permanent P&A methodology. Adhering to the existing industry standards in well abandonment is somehow not practical and not cost effective to be implemented in different part of the well, where there are major differences in local regulations, reservoir conditions, caprock thickness, well design philosophy and etc. The magnitude of abandonment cost increase is not at par with the risk reduction in long term hydrocarbon leakage. A fit for purpose solutions is recommended in closing the gap between cost and risk. Due to the extremely varied well architecture between wells, the approach to permanent abandonment varies depending on casing sizes, presence of packers and no of casings present to the caprock area. On top of that, identifying the highest depth for a placement of cement plug will reduce on the amount of plugs to be placed, saving rig time and operational time. So far, 16 idle wells have since been permanently abandoned with the systematic approach of applying caprock restoration concept and reinstating the poor isolation across caprock areas with cement with the assistance of technology to the likes of perf-wash-cement, and hydro mechanical casing cutter. These wells have successfully been abandoned as per host authority standards. This paper will explore a major local oil company’ approach to decommissioning of wells, in line with local regulations enforced, while ensuring a cost effective approach is applied in line with the available technologies.

scholarly journals Cost-effective Analysis of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Long-term Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-305
Author(s):  
Shazia Jamshed ◽  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Zeeshan Qadar ◽  
Umaira Alauddin ◽  
Sana Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Step Down ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Term Management

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that results from regurgitation of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. Treatment available for GERD includes lifestyle changes, antacids, histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and anti-reflux surgery. Aim: The aim of this review is to assess the cost-effectiveness of the use of PPIs in the long-term management of patients with GERD. Method: We searched in PubMed to identify related original articles with close consideration based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to choose the best studies for this narrative review. The first section compares the cost-effectiveness of PPIs with H2RAs in long-term heartburn management. The other sections shall only discuss the cost-effectiveness of PPIs in 5 different strategies, namely, continuous (step-up, step-down, and maintenance), on-demand, and intermittent therapies. Results: Of 55 articles published, 10 studies published from 2000 to 2015 were included. Overall, PPIs are more effective in relieving heartburn in comparison with ranitidine. The use of PPIs in managing heartburn in long-term consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has higher cost compared with H2RA. However, if the decision-maker is willing to pay more than US$174 788.60 per extra quality-adjusted life year (QALY), then the optimal strategy is traditional NSAID (tNSAID) and PPIs. The probability of being cost-effective was also highest for NSAID and PPI co-therapy users. On-demand PPI treatment strategy showed dominant with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$2197 per QALY gained and was most effective and cost saving compared with all the other treatments. The average cost-effectiveness ratio was lower for rabeprazole therapy than for ranitidine therapy. Conclusion: Our review revealed that long-term treatment with PPIs is effective but costly. To achieve long-term cost-effective approach, we recommend on-demand approach to treat heartburn symptoms, but if the symptoms persist, treatment with continuous step-down therapy should be applied.

3414 Cost effective approach to patients on long term anticoagulation who need endoscopy.

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. AB86
Author(s):  
Abraham Mathew ◽  
Ann Ouyang ◽  
Thomas R. Riley ◽  
Mark Young
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

scholarly journals Managing the unmanageable: reinstating the dingo for pastoral sustainability in Australian rangelands

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
David Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Arid Rangelands ◽  
Term Management

The predominant grazing management system used in the arid rangelands regions of Australia, set stocking, is not conducive to sustainable land management. More appropriate grazing management systems based upon periodic rest periods for important pasture species have not been adopted by pastoralists because the unmanaged grazing pressure from animals such as goats and kangaroos has been too high. Dingoes are the only cost-effective and long-term management solution to the effect of unmanaged grazing by goats and kangaroos. Yet government funding targets dingo eradication in pastoral areas, and it does so by adopting misleading and scientifically inaccurate terms for describing dingoes.

Restored Crossings: When and Where to Apply Stream Restoration Techniques to Protect Exposed Pipelines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Salas ◽  
Aaron Steber
Keyword(s):  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Habitat Enhancement ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Pipe Vibration

Maintenance of existing rights-of-way often involve dealing with exposed pipelines near stream crossings. Streams often shift over time. This adjustment can lead to erosion of the streambed and streambanks, exposing pipelines or other infrastructure to threats such as hydraulic pressure, buoyancy, debris collisions, or pipe vibration and fatigue. Under these conditions, managers can be faced with relocating the pipe, performing localized streambank stabilization, or employing stream restoration techniques to provide long-term protection. When localized stabilization is the preferred approach, selection of techniques is often determined by what will protect the pipeline without consideration of the stream context surrounding it. However, due to site conditions, manager preferences, and regulatory considerations, techniques from the disciplines of stream restoration and habitat enhancement can provide cost-effective alternatives to traditional hard-armoring by concrete or stone depending on the site context. Using past experience and a series of decision analysis tools, it was determined that geomorphic context should be factored as a foremost consideration when evaluating the most stable and cost effective approach to correcting exposed pipelines. One of the most critical factors in assessing the feasibility of stabilization options is the height and orientation of exposed pipes relative to the stream’s bankfull elevation.

scholarly journals Bioremediation Of Polluted Waters Using Nanoparticles

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
M. Meenakshi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Plant Laboratory ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Polluted Waters

Water pollution is an issue of great concern worldwide, contamination by organic compounds, inorganic compounds and microorganisms. Bioremediation using microorganisms helps in the removal of toxic metals from the environment. The focus is on the heavy metals associated with environmental contamination, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) which are potentially hazardous to ecosystems. In the present study textile effluent was collected, and subjected to Physicochemical treatment methods , Herbal-Metal nanocomposite was prepared and used to treat textile effluents. As a bioremediation study, the plant growth potential of treated effluents was evaluated using pot studies of an aquatic plant .Laboratory and field test results confirmed superior bioremediation efficiency and long-term effect. When compared to today’s most-efficient bioremediation technologies there is an efficient, fast, safe, and inexpensive way to clean up polluted waters through acceleration of natural bioremediation process. Nanotechnology provides an economical, convenient and ecofriendly means of wastewater remediation. The results obtained in this study shall be carried out as future studies using different types and concentrations of nanoparticles for the treatment of any types of effluents causing land and water pollution. There is a growing need for the development of novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the remediation of inorganic metals released into the environment and to safeguard the ecosystem. In this regard, recent advances in microbes-base heavy metal have propelled bioremediation as a prospective alternative to conventional techniques.

Combined Cycle Equipment Standardization: How Much Is Too Much?

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Fontes ◽  
Richard Casey ◽  
Robert Alder ◽  
Roger Prewitt
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Original Equipment Manufacturers

Many electric utilities in the United States are involved with construction of both combined cycle and combustion turbine generation. These utilities and the industry, as a whole, have the opportunity to carefully examine methods of equipment optimization when developing these new power stations. The Florida Municipal Power Agency (FMPA) anticipates installing at least three large combined cycle units and several smaller aero-derivative combustion turbine units within the next 15 years. As a generation owner and operator, FMPA management is examining lessons learned by other utilities, original equipment manufacturers and consulting engineers to develop a cost-effective approach to equipment standardization. This evaluation focuses on design, equipment procurement, as well as long-term operation and maintenance requirements.

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