The photodegradation processes and mechanisms of polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate microplastic in aquatic environments: Important role of clay minerals

2021 ◽  
pp. 117879
Author(s):  
Ling Ding ◽  
Xiaoqin Yu ◽  
Xuetao Guo ◽  
Yaping Zhang ◽  
Zhuozhi Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Aquatic Environments

scholarly journals Modelling of the adsorption of chlorinated phenols on polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate microplastic

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-709
Author(s):  
Maja Loncarski ◽  
Aleksandra Tubic ◽  
Marijana Kragulj-Isakovski ◽  
Branislav Jovic ◽  
Tamara Apostolovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Chlorinated Phenols ◽  
Adsorption Affinity ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The role of microplastics (MPs) on the fate and transport of various pollutants in water matrices is of major concern, but it is still relatively under investigated. In order to consider the conditions in real aquatic environments, the changes to polyethylene (PE) structure during the fabrication of microplastic particles for specific uses should not be neglected. Thus, this work considers isolated PE from two types of personal care products, which are possible sources of microplastic contamination in aquatic environments. The adsorption affinity of these PE microplastics towards ionisable compounds was compared with those of standards of PE and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), using chlorinated phenols (4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) as adsorbates. The pseudo-second order kinetic model described well the sorption process for all chlorinated phenols on all four types of MPs (R2 range: 0.900?0.998). The kinetic study showed that sorption rates are mainly controlled by hydrophobic interactions and molecule size. Adsorption isotherms were best described by the Freundlich model for all MPs. The obtained results indicate that MPs could serve for the transport of chlorinated phenols through ambient waters.

Microbial Biofilms and Biotechnology – Some Perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subba Rao Toleti
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccines ◽  
Design Construction

: The review is an attempt to introduce the readers in brief about biofilms and their implications as well as some new perceptions in biotechnology. Biofilms are adherent microbial communities, which are developed on submerged surfaces in aquatic environments. Biofilms play a significant role in exopolymer production, material deterioration and also cause harmful infections. Further, the role of corrosion causing biofilm bacteria in deterioration of different materials, microbial biofilms and their enzymatic processes in reducing the toxicity of pollutants in industrial effluents are elaborated, along with clean technologies for wastewater treatment. Biotechnology is defined as any technological application that uses biological systems to synthesize or modify products or processes. The applications include biochemical processes, medical care, cell and tissue culture as well as synthetic biology and others. Synthetic biology details about the design, construction of new biological components and systems for useful purposes. Finally, to overcome the limitations that are inherent to the use of cellular host’s, cell-free systems as critical platforms for synthetic biology applications. This mini-review also mentions about new diagnostic products based on enzymes, monoclonal antibodies and engineered proteins as well as novel prophylactic vaccines.

Study on dechlorination technology for municipal waste plastics containing polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Fukushima ◽  
Beili Wu ◽  
Hidetoshi Ibe ◽  
Keiji Wakai ◽  
Eiichi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Plastics

The Role of Clay Minerals in Prebiotic Protein Synthesis

1981 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Cyril Ponnamperuma ◽  
Elaine Friebele ◽  
Akira Shimoyama
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Clay Minerals

Microbial selenium metabolism: a brief history, biogeochemistry and ecophysiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wells ◽  
John F Stolz
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycle ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Selenium Metabolism ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Universal Common Ancestor ◽  
Domains Of Life

ABSTRACT Selenium is an essential trace element for organisms from all three domains of life. Microorganisms, in particular, mediate reductive transformations of selenium that govern the element's mobility and bioavailability in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Selenium metabolism is not just ubiquitous but an ancient feature of life likely extending back to the universal common ancestor of all cellular lineages. As with the sulfur biogeochemical cycle, reductive transformations of selenium serve two metabolic functions: assimilation into macromolecules and dissimilatory reduction during anaerobic respiration. This review begins with a historical overview of how research in both aspects of selenium metabolism has developed. We then provide an overview of the global selenium biogeochemical cycle, emphasizing the central role of microorganisms in the cycle. This serves as a basis for a robust discussion of current models for the evolution of the selenium biogeochemical cycle over geologic time, and how knowledge of the evolution and ecophysiology of selenium metabolism can enrich and refine these models. We conclude with a discussion of the ecophysiological function of selenium-respiring prokaryotes within the cycle, and the tantalizing possibility of oxidative selenium transformations during chemolithoautotrophic growth.

scholarly journals Thallium sorption and speciation in soils: Role of micaceous clay minerals and manganese oxides

2020 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Silvan Wick ◽  
Bart Baeyens ◽  
Maria Marques Fernandes ◽  
Jörg Göttlicher ◽  
Marlene Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Manganese Oxides
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