Influence of chemical composition and microstructure of gray cast iron on wear of heavy duty diesel engines cylinder liners

Wear ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 263 (7-12) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Keller ◽  
V. Fridrici ◽  
Ph. Kapsa ◽  
S. Vidaller ◽  
J.F. Huard
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Cylinder Liners

Tribological assessment of NiCr, Al2O3/TiO2, and Cr3C2/NiCr coatings applied on a cylinder liner of a heavy-duty diesel engine

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742093016
Author(s):  
Onur Biyiklioğlu ◽  
Mustafa Ertunc Tat
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Internal combustion engines consume about 90% of fuel refined from crude oil which supplies 30% of the annual global flow of energy. Heavy-duty diesel engines are the primary source of power used in highways, marine, railroads, and power stations. The right coating can improve the tribological properties of cylinder liners and increase the mechanical efficiency of an engine. Also, it can help to extend the maintenance periods, and enhance the reliability of the vehicles. In this research, tribological and economic evaluations were performed for coated and uncoated substrates from a cylinder liner of a heavy-duty diesel engine, aiming to lower friction, wear rate, and maintenance cost. A reciprocating friction test was conducted under dry condition using Wolfram carbide (tungsten carbide) ball applied a 10 N normal load on a ball on disk geometry. The cylinder liner was made of gray cast iron, and the substrates obtained were coated with three different coating materials (Cr3C2/NiCr, NiCr, and Al2O3/TiO2) through the thermal spray and high-velocity oxy-fuel coating process. Tribological evaluations showed that the substrates coded with Al2O3/TiO2 and Cr3C2/NiCr had the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. The most economical coating was Al2O3/TiO2, being able to supply about 61% lower coefficient of friction and 94% less wear rate relative to the uncoated sample, for the price of one-third of the Cr3C2/NiCr coating and one half of a new gray cast iron cylinder liner.

Cylinder Liner in Ductile Cast Iron for High Loaded Combustion Diesel Engines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edney Deschauer Rejowski ◽  
Edmo Soares ◽  
Ingo Roth ◽  
Steffen Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Cylinder Liners

With the increase of combustion loading and the trend to reduce engine size, there is a need for thinner but stronger wet cylinder liners. While most of the current cylinder liners are made of gray cast iron, due to its good tribological behavior, machinability performance and competitive price, alternative casting materials like compact graphite iron, ductile iron and even steel are being considered to cover the future engine demands. In this paper, a new ductile iron (DI) cast material for wet cylinder liners is presented. The material has about 60 and 70% higher limits respectively for tensile stress and fatigue resistance as compared to conventional gray cast irons, but without penalty on the tribological properties. There is also a potential improvement to avoid cavitation on the outside surface due to its higher young modulus, which also equates to a higher stiffness. The tested cylinder liners were induction hardened on the running surface and a slide hone process was used to improve wear and scuffing resistance. The liners were tested in a HDD engine with PCP of 245 bar and showed similar wear as observed with conventional cylinder liners of gray cast iron material. The DI cylinder liners were also tested in an abusive scuffing engine test without any concern. The improved mechanical properties of the described new DI material introduce possibilities to reduce liner wall thickness or increase specific output. The preliminary evaluation in this paper showed that this new material is feasible for HDD diesel engines with PCP up to 250 bar. In cases that the customer needs to increase the bore diameter for output reasons there is the potential to reduce the liner wall thickness up to 25% based on high mechanical properties (UTS, Young Modulus and fatigue strength). In both cases, it’s recommended a FEA analysis to support the new component design.

Cylinder Liner in Ductile Cast Iron for High Loaded Combustion Diesel Engines

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edney Deschauer Rejowski ◽  
Edmo Soares ◽  
Ingo Roth ◽  
Steffen Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Cylinder Liners

With the increase of combustion loading and the trend to reduce engine size, there is a need for thinner but stronger wet cylinder liners. While most of the current cylinder liners are made of gray cast iron, due to its good tribological behavior, machinability performance, and competitive price, alternative casting materials such as compact graphite iron, ductile iron, and even steel are being considered to address future engine demands. In this paper, a new ductile iron (DI) cast material for wet cylinder liners is presented. The material has about 60 and 70% higher limits, respectively, for tensile stress and fatigue resistance as compared to conventional gray cast irons, but without a penalty on the tribological properties. There is also a potential improvement to avoid cavitation on the outside surface due to its higher young modulus, which also equates to a higher stiffness. The tested cylinder liners were induction hardened on the running surface and a slide hone process was used to improve wear and scuffing resistance. The liners were tested in a heavy duty diesel (HDD) engine with a peak cylinder pressure (PCP) of 245 bar and showed similar wear as observed with conventional cylinder liners of gray cast iron material. The DI cylinder liners were also tested in an abusive scuffing engine test without any concern. The improved mechanical properties of the described new DI material introduce possibilities to reduce the liner wall thickness or increase specific output. The preliminary evaluation in this paper showed that this new material is feasible for HDD diesel engines with a PCP up to 250 bar. In cases where the customer needs to increase the bore diameter for output reasons there is the potential to reduce the liner wall thickness by up to 25% based on high mechanical properties (UTS, Young’s modulus and fatigue strength). In both cases, a FEA analysis to support the new component design is recommended.

Cavitation on Wet Cylinder Liners of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Steck ◽  
Günter Sommerfeld ◽  
Volker Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Cylinder Liners

The Mechanical Properties of Gray Cast Iron and Metallographic Structure Effect on the Chip Shape

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 200-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Bin Huang ◽  
Yu Gang Ye ◽  
Xing Quan Shen ◽  
Xing Chang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Chip Shape ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The cutting tests were carried out on HT200, HT250 and HT300 cast iron. The effects of the strength, hardness, microstructure, chemical composition of cast iron on chip shape were studied. The results show the relationship of different strength, chip thickness and chip deformation of gray cast iron, in the similar cutting conditions.

scholarly journals Increase of strength of cast-iron cylinder liners of engines of road construction vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
V.E. Ovsyannikov ◽  
◽  
G.N. Shpitko ◽  
R.Yu. Nekrasov ◽  
D.E. Vas'kov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Cylinder Liners

Cylinder liners made of gray cast iron are quite widespread in the design of engines of road con-struction vehicles. The negative properties of this structural material include relatively low strength and high fragility. This increases the probability of both manufacturing and operational defects. Therefore, improving the performance of the considered parts is an urgent problem. A promising direction in this case is the use of chemical-and-thermal treatment. The aim of the work is to study the effect of chemical-and-thermal treatment of gray cast iron on strength. The paper investigates the strength of cast iron subjected to chemical-and-thermal treatment (thermal diffusion surface al-loying). On the basis of experimental studies, the effect of the thickness of the hardened layer on the strength was studied. A numerical model is created in the Ansys software. The effect of the hardened layer on the strength of cylinder liners of engines of road-building vehicles is investigated.

scholarly journals Study of failures of reciprocating medium-speed diesel engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Irina Nikolaevna Ruban ◽  
Vladimir Pavlovich Bulgakov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Cavitation Wear

The article is focused upon the problems of reciprocating diesel engines. The main reason for the failure of cylinder-piston group (CPG) parts is insufficient strength, wear resistance, and resistance of the metal structure to vibration. There are studied the following periods of engine operation: running-in period; period of normal operation; period of intensive wear. In the burn-in period, the main cause of CPG failures is scuffing, when finger breaking or ring groove chipping take place. Sudden failures during normal operation occur due to the wear of the bushings to the limit size. In the third period of intensive wear the main cause of metal failures is the ultimate wear by cavitation erosion and breakage of the bushing collar. The block diagram of the CPG system with serial connection of elements is given. The rate of CPG failures is illustrated depending on the time of operation. It has been found that the failure rate during the running-in period due to scuffing is reduced because of stabilization of the structure, dimensions and mechanical properties of the piston at operating temperatures (300–350°C). The failure rate of the normal period of operation depends on the increase in the abrasive wear resistance of the metal of bushings, increased hardness, due to the replacement of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite by gray cast iron with vermicular graphite or by high-strength cast iron with spherical graphite inclusions. There are listed the positive and negative qualities of aluminum alloys in comparison with cast iron. Variants of damage to cylinder liners are considered in detail. The most dangerous defect in the bushing is the cracks in the upper liner collar, as a result of which about 40% of the cylinder bushings must be replaced. The formulas for calculating the actual wear rate of the CPG parts during the first (end of warranty periods), medium and major overhauls are given. The failure rate of the last period of operation (intensive wear) is reduced by reducing vibration in the CPG system, reducing the amplitude of forced vibrations and reducing the size of the thermal gap between the sleeve and the piston, increasing the rigidity of the sleeve. The rate of cavitation wear of modernized and conventional bushings is determined, the influence of the bushing stiffness on cracks under the shoulder and on cavitation wear up to the maximum permissible thickness is considered.

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