Sulf1 influences the Shh morphogen gradient during the dorsal ventral patterning of the neural tube in Xenopus tropicalis

AbstractTo enable robust patterning, morphogen systems should be resistant to variations in gene expression and tissue size. Here we explore how a Shh morphogen gradient in the ventral neural tube enables proportional patterning in embryos of varying sizes. Using a surgical technique to reduce the size of zebrafish embryos and quantitative confocal microscopy, we find that patterning of neural progenitors remains proportional after size reduction. Intriguingly, a protein necessary for Shh release, Scube2, is expressed far from the source of sonic hedgehog production. scube2 expression levels control Shh signaling extent during ventral neural patterning and conversely Shh signaling represses the expression of scube2, thereby restricting its own signaling. scube2 is disproportionately downregulated in size-reduced embryos, providing a potential mechanism for size-dependent regulation of Shh. This regulatory feedback is necessary for pattern scaling, as demonstrated by a loss of scaling in scube2 overexpressing embryos. In a manner akin to the expander-repressor model of morphogen scaling, we conclude that feedback between Shh signaling and scube2 expression enables proportional patterning in the ventral neural tube by encoding a tissue size dependent morphogen signaling gradient.Summary StatementThe Shh morphogen gradient can scale to different size tissues by feedback between Scube2 mediated release of Shh and Shh based inhibition of Scube2 expressionAuthor ContributionsZ.M.C. conducted experiments and data analysis. Z.M.C and S.G.M. conceived the study, designed the experiments, and wrote the paper. K.I and Z.M.C. developed the size reduction technique. T.Y.C.T helped develop the image analysis technique and generated the tg(shha:memCherry) reporter line. S.G.M. supervised the overall study.

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Lessons from dolutegravir and neural tube defects

The Lancet HIV ◽

10.1016/s2352-3018(20)30280-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e3-e4

Author(s):

Elaine Abrams ◽

Landon Myer

Keyword(s):

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects

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A Public Health Success Story: Folic Acid Fortification and Supplementation for Prevention of Neural Tube Defects

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e509012013-064 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Linda Longerich ◽

Roy West ◽

Ed Randell ◽

Marian Crowley ◽

Shiliang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Success Story ◽

Folic Acid Fortification

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Women's Health: A Fact Sheet for Ohio Policy Makers: Folic Acid & Neural Tube Defects

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e549552009-001 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Fact Sheet

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B12 Level May Predict Neural Tube Defect Risk

Family Practice News ◽

10.1016/s0300-7073(09)70221-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

ELIZABETH MECHCATIE

Keyword(s):

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defect

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Innovative approaches to the correction of chronotrope status of pregnant and lactating women

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2016.114.37 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

S.I. Zhuk ◽

◽

K.K. Bondarenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Active Form ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

The Impact ◽

High Bioavailability ◽

Key Words Mthfr

Most recent studies show the impact of violations in the metabolism of folate and metin period in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects (NTD) of the fetus. Metafolin has a number of advantages, which primarily includes direct intake of substances in biologically active form and the optimum effect, even in the case when the patient homozygote and/or heterozygote genotype 677С T polymorphism in MTHFR. With the aim of prevention and treatment of various pathological conditions related to folate deficiency during pregnancy, it is advisable to apply vitamin-mineral complexes, containing metafolin - active form of folate with high bioavailability. Key words: MTHFR, metafolin, folic acid, pregnancy.

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ALGORITHM OF FORMATION OF RISK GROUPS FOR BIRTH OF CHILDREN WITH NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN AND DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO PREVENTION OF THE SPINAL DISRAPHIA

Neonatology surgery and perinatal medicine ◽

10.24061/2413-4260.iv.3.13.2014.25 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3(13)) ◽

pp. 156-163

Author(s):

N. Kotova ◽

V. Maychuk

Keyword(s):

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Reproductive Age Women

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Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

East Africa Science ◽

10.24248/easci.v1i1.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Mariam M. Mirambo ◽

Lucas Matemba ◽

Mtebe Majigo ◽

Stephen E. Mshana

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Zika Virus ◽

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Ocular Manifestations ◽

Zika Virus Infection ◽

N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

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Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

East Africa Science ◽

10.24248/easci.v1.iss1.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Mariam M. Mirambo ◽

Lucas Matemba ◽

Mtebe Majigo ◽

Stephen E. Mshana

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Zika Virus ◽

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Ocular Manifestations ◽

Zika Virus Infection ◽

N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

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