Specific dermatologic features of the polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with biochemical markers of the metabolic syndrome and hyperandrogenism

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulation and hyperandrogenism in women, affecting between 5 and 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide (1). Although this difficult topic in endocrine gynaecology is under extensive research, controversies still remain about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of PCOS. The PCOS phenotype can be structured in three components: manifestations of anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the metabolic syndrome (of which hyperinsulinaemia secondary to insulin resistance is the central abnormality). The latter two are addressed in other chapters. Our knowledge about the mechanism of disturbed folliculogenesis in PCOS that is responsible for its reproductive aspects has much increased these last years, thus opening new avenues for the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Using the International Diabetes Federation criteria

Gynecological Endocrinology ◽

10.1080/09513590701214158 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Sawaek Weerakiet ◽

Pongamon Bunnag ◽

Bunyong Phakdeekitcharoen ◽

Surapee Wansumrith ◽

Suwannee Chanprasertyothin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Asian Women ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Download Full-text

The Metabolic Syndrome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology ◽

10.1097/grf.0b013e31802f3547 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 205-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

PAULINA A. ESSAH ◽

EDMOND P. WICKHAM ◽

JOHN E. NESTLER

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Download Full-text

The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Possible Chronobiotic-Cytoprotective Adjuvant Therapy

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2018/1349868 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eduardo Spinedi ◽

Daniel P. Cardinali

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

The Impact

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a highly frequent reproductive-endocrine disorder affecting up to 8–10% of women worldwide at reproductive age. Although its etiology is not fully understood, evidence suggests that insulin resistance, with or without compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism are very common features of the polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype. Dysfunctional white adipose tissue has been identified as a major contributing factor for insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Environmental (e.g., chronodisruption) and genetic/epigenetic factors may also play relevant roles in syndrome development. Overweight and/or obesity are very common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, thus suggesting that some polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome female phenotypes share common characteristics. Sleep disturbances have been reported to double in women with PCOS and obstructive sleep apnea is a common feature in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Maturation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion pattern in girls in puberty is closely related to changes in the sleep-wake cycle and could have relevance in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. This review article focuses on two main issues in the polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome phenotype development: (a) the impact of androgen excess on white adipose tissue function and (b) the possible efficacy of adjuvant melatonin therapy to improve the chronobiologic profile in polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome individuals. Genetic variants in melatonin receptor have been linked to increased risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome, to impairments in insulin secretion, and to increased fasting glucose levels. Melatonin therapy may protect against several metabolic syndrome comorbidities in polycystic ovary syndrome and could be applied from the initial phases of patients’ treatment.

Download Full-text

Cardiometabolic risk in polycystic ovary syndrome: a comparison of different approaches to defining the metabolic syndrome

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/den263 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2352-2358 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

A. J. Cussons ◽

G. F. Watts ◽

V. Burke ◽

J. E. Shaw ◽

P. Z. Zimmet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Download Full-text

Evaluation of different biochemical markers in prediction of metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome patients

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172554 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 2734

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Radwan ◽

Mohamed A. Youssry ◽

Hossam M. El-saadany ◽

Tabark Ahmed Patel

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Tissue Factors ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest cause of chronic hyperandrogenic anovulation. Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are keys of the pathogenesis of PCOS. It is also considered as a metabolic disorder. Since the components of metabolic syndrome (MBS) namely obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are the common features of this syndrome. The association between MBS and PCOS can be explained by different theories as insulin resistance, obesity, and related adipose tissue factors (adipocytokines) independent of insulin resistance are the main pathogenic contributors to both disorders.Methods: A total of 143 women with PCOS were recruited as study subjects. All participants were subjected to anthropometric measurements, clinical assessment, and biochemical tests [fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)]. Hormonal profile particularly leptin and homocysteine levels were also evaluated.Results: 25 patients (17.4%) out of 143 women with PCOS met the criteria for MBS. Patients with MBS had significantly higher body mass index, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, leptin, and homocysteine levels compared to PCOS only patients. When HOMA-IR cut off was ≥4.3 sensitivity and specificity were 90%, 88.6%, but when leptin level was ≥34.5 the corresponding statistics were 79.6%, 75.5%.Conclusions: Serum leptin, homocysteine, HOMA-IR as well as other biochemical markers are significantly higher in women with PCOS and MBS compared to PCOS only women. PCOS is associated with various factors like insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Consequently, adipocytokines and HOMA-IR play important role in the prediction of MBS in patients with PCOS.

Download Full-text