Effect of lamin-A expression on migration and nuclear stability of ovarian cancer cells

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most malignant gynecologic cancer. Previous studies found that lamin-A was associated with DNA damage repair proteins but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We speculate that this may be related to its interacting proteins, such as Hsp90. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Hsp90 on DNA damage repair and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. In our research, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to identify proteins interacting with lamin-A and the interaction domain. Next, the relationship between lamin-A and Hsp90 was explored by Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. Then, effect of Hsp90 inhibition on DNA damage repair was assessed through detecting Rad50 and Ku80 by WB. Furthermore, to test the roles of 17-AAG on cell chemosensitivity, CCK-8 and colony formation assay were carried out. Meanwhile, IC50 of cells were calculated, followed by immunofluorescence to detect DNA damage. At last, the mouse xenograft model was used in determining the capacity of 17-AAG and DDP to suppress tumor growth and metastatic potential. The results showed that lamin-A could interact with Hsp90 via the domain of lamin-A1-430. Besides, the distribution of Hsp90 could be affected by lamin-A. After lamin-A knockdown, Hsp90 decreased in the cytoplasm and increased in the nucleus, suggesting that the interaction between lamin-A and Hsp90 may be related to the nucleocytoplasmic transport of Hsp90. Moreover, inhibition of Hsp90 led to an obvious decrease in the expression of DSBs (DNA double-strand break) repair proteins, as well as cell proliferation ability upon DDP treatment and IC50 of DDP, causing more serious DNA damage. In addition, the combination of 17-AAG and DDP restrained the growth of ovarian cancer efficiently in vivo and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice.

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Nuclear Lamin A/C Expression Is a Key Determinant of Paclitaxel Sensitivity

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.00648-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth R. Smith ◽

Justin Leal ◽

Celina Amaya ◽

Bing Li ◽

Xiang-Xi Xu

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Nuclear Lamina ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Nuclear Shape ◽

Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽

Lamin A ◽

Cancer Therapies ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Nuclear Lamin

Paclitaxel is a key member of the Taxane (Taxol/paclitaxel, docetaxel/taxotere) family of successful drugs used in the current treatment of several solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. The molecular target of Taxol/paclitaxel has been identified as tubulin, and paclitaxel binding alters the dynamics and thus stabilizes microtubule bundles. Traditionally, the anti-cancer mechanism of paclitaxel has been thought to originate from its interfering with the role of microtubules in mitosis, resulting in mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis. However, recent evidence suggests that paclitaxel operates in cancer therapies via an as-yet-undefined mechanism rather than as a mitotic inhibitor. We found that paclitaxel caused a striking break up of nuclei (referred to as multimicronucleation) in malignant ovarian cancer cells but not in normal cells, and susceptibility to undergo nuclear fragmentation and cell death correlated with a reduction in nuclear lamina proteins, Lamin A/C. Lamin A/C proteins are commonly lost, reduced, or heterogeneously expressed in ovarian cancer, accounting for the aberration of nuclear shape in malignant cells. Mouse ovarian epithelial cells isolated from Lamin A/C null mice were highly sensitive to paclitaxel and underwent nuclear breakage, compared to control wildtype cells. Forced over-expression of Lamin A/C led to resistance to paclitaxel-induced nuclear breakage in cancer cells. Additionally, paclitaxel-induced multimicronucleation occurred independently of cell division that was achieved either by the withdrawal of serum or addition of mitotic inhibitors. These results provide a new understanding for the mitotic-independent mechanism for paclitaxel killing of cancer cells, where paclitaxel induces nuclear breakage in malignant cancer cells that have a malleable nucleus, but not in normal cells that have a stiffer nuclear envelope. As such, we identify that reduced nuclear Lamin A/C protein levels correlate with nuclear shape deformation and is a key determinant of paclitaxel sensitivity of cancer cells.

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