Role of molecular biomarker human papilloma virus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein in cervical cancer screening

ObjectivesLogistical and economic issues make traditional cytology-based cervical cancer screening challenging in developing countries. Alternative, cost-effective, screening strategies must be developed to screen millions of women in resource-poor countries such as Cambodia.DesignA prospective cohort study during which all women underwent four cervical cancer screening methods: (1) self-sampled human papilloma virus (HPV) testing (careHPV system), (2) clinician-collected HPV testing, (3) visualization with acetic acid (VIA) and (4) digital colposcopy (DC) with the Enhanced Visual Assessment System (EVA).SettingA referral hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.ParticipantsTwo hundred and fifty Cambodian women (129 HIV+, 121 HIV-). Subjects were recruited from the National Center for HIV/AIDS Dermatology and sexually transmitted disease (STD) cohort, the Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope’s Rural Outreach Teams and the Pochentong Medical Center.ResultsFifty six of the 250 (22.4%) patients tested positive for high-risk HPV (hrHPV+). Thirty seven of the 129 HIV+ women were hrHPV+ (28.6%) whereas 19/121 HIV- women were hrHPV+ (15.7%) p=0.0154. Self-sampling HPV specimens identified 50/56 (89%) whereas physician-collected specimens identified 45/56 (80%) p=0.174. 95.2% of the patients felt comfortable obtaining HPV self-samples. Thirty seven of 250 women were VIA+. Thirty of 37 VIA+ women underwent confirmatory biopsies for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (26 CIN1, 4 CIN2+). The rate of confirmed dysplasia in the HIV+ group was 20/129 (15.5%) compared with 10/121 (8.26%) in HIV- women p=0.0291. The contemporaneous physician impressions of the DC images accurately differentiated between CIN1 and CIN2+ lesions in all 30 women having confirmatory biopsies.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest potential modifications of the current cervical screening strategy that is currently being employed in Cambodia. The first step in this new strategy would be self-swabbing for hrHPV. Subsequently, hrHPV+ patients would have DC and immediate treatment based on colposcopic findings: cryotherapy for suspected CIN1 and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for suspected CIN2+.

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A Cost-Utility Analysis of Cervical Cancer Screening and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination In the Philippines

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. A737

Author(s):

AMS Guerrero ◽

AJM Genuino ◽

MC Santillan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

The Philippines ◽

Cost Utility ◽

Cost Utility Analysis ◽

Utility Analysis ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination

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Awareness of Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention among Students of a Tertiary Institution in Southern Nigeria

Journal of Cancer and Tumor International ◽

10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i130120 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

I. L. Oboro ◽

B. P. Athanasius

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Human Papilloma Virus Infection ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Tertiary Institution ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Aim: To access the level of awareness of cervical cancer screening tools and preventive measures amongst students of a tertiary institution. Methodology: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Pre-tested self-administered Questionnaires were distributed to students who were above the age of 18 years in the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, to obtain information on their socio-demographics and awareness of cervical cancer, its prevention, risk factors and association with Human Papilloma Virus infection. Information acquired from the questionnaires were presented using descriptive statistics. Chi-Square analysis was used to compare differences between knowledge and practice among the respondents. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. All tests were carried out with the Epi Info v7 software. Results: A total of 227 students were interviewed.82.8% were female and 22.9% indicated being sexually active. About two-thirds of respondents had some knowledge (heard) of cervical cancer and Pap smear, majority of whom indicated they did so from health care personnel followed closely by the media houses and social media. Only 12.1% were aware of sexual intercourse as a risk factor for Human Papilloma virus infection and about one-fifth knew the currently recommended age for vaccination against the virus. Conclusion: The degree of awareness of cervical cancer in a key population such as the undergraduates sampled in this study is unacceptably low. Increased efforts must therefore be put into public enlightenment as primary prevention of cervical cancer Aim: To access the level of awareness of cervical cancer screening tools and preventive measures amongst students of a tertiary institution. Methodology: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Pre-tested self-administered Questionnaires were distributed to students who were above the age of 18 years in the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, to obtain information on their socio-demographics and awareness of cervical cancer, its prevention, risk factors and association with Human Papilloma Virus infection. Information acquired from the questionnaires were presented using descriptive statistics. Chi-Square analysis was used to compare differences between knowledge and practice among the respondents. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. All tests were carried out with the Epi Info v7 software. Results: A total of 227 students were interviewed.82.8% were female and 22.9% indicated being sexually active. About two-thirds of respondents had some knowledge (heard) of cervical cancer and Pap smear, majority of whom indicated they did so from health care personnel followed closely by the media houses and social media. Only 12.1% were aware of sexual intercourse as a risk factor for Human Papilloma virus infection and about one-fifth knew the currently recommended age for vaccination against the virus. Conclusion: The degree of awareness of cervical cancer in a key population such as the undergraduates sampled in this study is unacceptably low. Increased efforts must therefore be put into public enlightenment as primary prevention of cervical cancer

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Psycho-Social Factors Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination Acceptance Among Female Civil Servants in Delta State, Nigeria

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.47800 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 21s-21s ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Ohaeri ◽

P. Ebunu ◽

C. Ndikom

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Social Factors ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Civil Servants ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Papilloma Virus

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide and most notable in low and middle income countries of sub-Saharan Africa. There are 528000 new cases estimated globally every year. The crude incidence rate of cervical cancer is 5.8% worldwide, 19% in West Africa, and 19.3% in Nigeria. In Nigeria, uptake of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination has been demonstrated in different studies to be very low, out of thirteen studies, nine show cervical cancer screening uptake of less than 5.3%. Psycho-social factors such as anxiety, stigmatization, poor health seeking behaviors and lack of family and social support among others, have been implicated. Therefore, this study assessed the psycho-social barriers to utilization of cervical cancer screening services and uptake of vaccination among female civil servants in Delta state. Aim: To assess the psycho-social factors that impede the utilization of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination among female civil servants in Delta state. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, nonexperimental design was used for this study. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting 437 women who consented, based on a calculated sample size. Thereafter, 437 self-administered structured questionnaires with a reliability coefficient of 0.7, were administered to participants, out of which 435 were retrieved. This gave a response rate of 99.5%. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) using descriptive statistics and χ2. Results: Many participants (55.4%) knew about cervical cancer; 93.6% had never been screened for cervical cancer, while 94.7% had not vaccinated their teenage girls against human papilloma virus. Among the psycho-social factors highlighted that impeded the utilization of services were, costs of the screening tests (54.5%) and HPV vaccine (51.3%), while 58.2% reported inaccessibility. However, majority (73.6%) were willing to go for the cervical cancer screening and vaccination of their teenagers (68%). Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening and subsequent vaccination are strategies focused at ensuring reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer in the society to the barest minimum. Creating awareness about cervical cancer could be a means to help tackle the lack of knowledge issue, thereby increasing knowledge. In addition, subsidization will go a long way in lessening the financial burden, as well as increase utilization. Subsequently, global burden of cervical cancer will be reduced, with a consequent reduction in mortality.

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