Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) Were Well-Dispersed Using Ultrasonication to Conduct an Intratracheal Instillation Study. The Geometric Mean Diameter and Length of the SWCNT in Distilled Water Including 0.1 % Triton X-100 Was 44 Nm and 0.69 μm, Respectively. Rats Intratracheally Received 0.2 Mg or 0.4 Mg of SWCNT, and a Control Group Received Intratracheal Instillation of Distilled Water Containing 0.1 % Triton X-100 . The Rats Were then Sacrificed at 3 Days, 1 Week, 1 Month, 3 Months and 6 Months after Instillation. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) and Pathological Features Revealed that the Dose of SWCNT Induced Persistent Neutrophil Infiltration in Rat Lungs. In the Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractants (CINCs) Family, the Concentrations of CINC-1 and CINC-2 in the BALF Increased Persistently in the SWCNT-Exposed Groups. the Concentration of HO-1 in the BALF Was Also up-Regulated Persistently in the Exposed Groups. These Data Suggested that Well-Dispersed SWCNT Had an Inflammatory Potential in the Present Study.