Social relationships among adult female baboons

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Seyfarth
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female

Field observations on the social relationships between adult female and juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail R. Michener
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior

Field observations were conducted in southern Saskatchewan in 1969 and 1971. Adult female Richardson's ground squirrels and their own young engaged predominantly in nasal and cohesive contacts while adults and young from other litters engaged predominantly in agonistic contacts. Identification sometimes occurred at a distance based on the location and behavior of the other animal.Newly emerged juveniles remained close to the home burrow and engaged mainly in non-agonistic interactions with both their mothers and other adults. Not until juveniles were 6–7 weeks old and were familiar with the area used by the mother did they correctly identify adults regardless of where the interaction occurred.

scholarly journals Evidence for Maternal Style Among Adult Female Dolphins When Sharing Pectoral Fin Contacts with Their Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Dudzinski ◽  
Christine A. Ribic ◽  
Heather M. Manitzas Hill ◽  
Teresa T. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Maternal Style ◽  
Tactile Contact ◽  
Generation Female

Adult bottlenose dolphins share pectoral fin contacts (PFC) to manage their social relationships but less is known about how mothers share PFC with their calves. Using a dataset collected over 16 years, we analyzed how 10 matrilines, including three second generation female dolphins in a maternal role, used PFC with their pre-weaned calves. Mothers had different rates of initiation with their calves forming a continuum from those initiating few contacts (15%) to those initiating more (44%). For mothers with all-aged calves, the lateral side was contacted the most to start interactions with mothers contacting body parts at a similar rate. All mothers assumed the same posture regardless of their role as initiator or receiver, with horizontal the most prevalent posture. Two maternal styles were found for PFC: high and low use of PFC. Within the high PFC group, there was individual variation that was related to calf sex. Even though evidence of maternal style was confirmed in PFC exchanges between adult female dolphins and their calves, the number of PFC shared between these kin was only ~9% of all documented PFC contacts (N = 4,345) over 16 years, suggesting that other forms of tactile contact may be more important within the confines of the mother-offspring relationship in delphinids.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF GROOMING AMONG FEMALE PRIMATES: TESTING HYPOTHESES WITH THE SHANNON-WIENER DIVERSITY INDEX

Behaviour ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario S. Di Bitetti
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) has been used to characterize grooming relationships among adult female primates. To make comparisons among different groups, the value of H has been divided by the maximum value it can reach for a particular group size. This ratio, the grooming diversity ratio (GDR), has been used to test predictions from hypotheses that may explain the distribution of social relationships among adult female primates. Using grooming data from different primate populations and random computer simulations I show that the mean value of H and GDR are positively affected by the ln of the mean number of grooming bouts recorded per dyad (LnMNBD) and negatively by the coefficient of variation in the frequency of grooming bouts recorded for the females within a group (CV). These two variables reflect the combined effect of sampling effort and the rate of interactions among individuals (and their variance) and should be statistically controlled to make sensible use of H or GDR. After controlling for LnMNBD and CV, I found no significant effect of female group size, the degree of female involvement in inter-group encounters and the patterns of female dispersal on the mean value of GDR. The socioecological model of female social relationships (Sterck et al., 1997) predicts that groups categorized as resident-egalitarian should have higher GDRs than resident-nepotistic ones. I find some support for this prediction when using a data set where some species contributed more than one data point but not when using mean values per species as in the previous analyses. This result may be confounded by a phylogenetic effect: langurs seem to have more diverse relationships than other primates. Data from more species are necessary to corroborate these results and to disentangle the effect of phylogeny from that of the social categories since most monkey groups characterized as resident-egalitarian were langurs.

scholarly journals Family network size and survival across the lifespan of female macaques

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1854) ◽  
pp. 20170515 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. N. Brent ◽  
A. Ruiz-Lambides ◽  
M. L. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Network Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Two decades of research suggest social relationships have a common evolutionary basis in humans and other gregarious mammals. Critical to the support of this idea is growing evidence that mortality is influenced by social integration, but when these effects emerge and how long they last is mostly unknown. Here, we report in adult female macaques that the impact of number of close adult female relatives, a proxy for social integration, on survival is not experienced uniformly across the life course; prime-aged females with a greater number of relatives had better survival outcomes compared with prime-aged females with fewer relatives, whereas no such effect was found in older females. Group size and dominance rank did not influence this result. Older females were less frequent targets of aggression, suggesting enhanced experience navigating the social landscape may obviate the need for social relationships in old age. Only one study of humans has found age-based dependency in the association between social integration and survival. Using the largest dataset for any non-human animal to date, our study extends support for the idea that sociality promotes survival and suggests strategies employed across the life course change along with experience of the social world.

scholarly journals Paternal relatedness and age proximity regulate social relationships among adult female rhesus macaques

2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (24) ◽  
pp. 13769-13773 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Widdig ◽  
P. Nurnberg ◽  
M. Krawczak ◽  
W. J. Streich ◽  
F. B. Bercovitch
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques

Chronic Refractory Cough: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Treatment Regime ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Language Pathology

This paper presents a successful behavioral case study in treatment of chronic refractory cough in a 60-year-old adult female. The efficacy for speech-language pathology treating chronic cough is discussed along with description of treatment regime. Discussion focuses on therapy approaches used and the patient's report of changes in quality of life and frequency, duration, and severity reduction of her cough after treatment.

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