scholarly journals Evidence for Maternal Style Among Adult Female Dolphins When Sharing Pectoral Fin Contacts with Their Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Dudzinski ◽  
Christine A. Ribic ◽  
Heather M. Manitzas Hill ◽  
Teresa T. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Maternal Style ◽  
Tactile Contact ◽  
Generation Female

Adult bottlenose dolphins share pectoral fin contacts (PFC) to manage their social relationships but less is known about how mothers share PFC with their calves. Using a dataset collected over 16 years, we analyzed how 10 matrilines, including three second generation female dolphins in a maternal role, used PFC with their pre-weaned calves. Mothers had different rates of initiation with their calves forming a continuum from those initiating few contacts (15%) to those initiating more (44%). For mothers with all-aged calves, the lateral side was contacted the most to start interactions with mothers contacting body parts at a similar rate. All mothers assumed the same posture regardless of their role as initiator or receiver, with horizontal the most prevalent posture. Two maternal styles were found for PFC: high and low use of PFC. Within the high PFC group, there was individual variation that was related to calf sex. Even though evidence of maternal style was confirmed in PFC exchanges between adult female dolphins and their calves, the number of PFC shared between these kin was only ~9% of all documented PFC contacts (N = 4,345) over 16 years, suggesting that other forms of tactile contact may be more important within the confines of the mother-offspring relationship in delphinids.

Field observations on the social relationships between adult female and juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail R. Michener
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior

Field observations were conducted in southern Saskatchewan in 1969 and 1971. Adult female Richardson's ground squirrels and their own young engaged predominantly in nasal and cohesive contacts while adults and young from other litters engaged predominantly in agonistic contacts. Identification sometimes occurred at a distance based on the location and behavior of the other animal.Newly emerged juveniles remained close to the home burrow and engaged mainly in non-agonistic interactions with both their mothers and other adults. Not until juveniles were 6–7 weeks old and were familiar with the area used by the mother did they correctly identify adults regardless of where the interaction occurred.

Euphemisms as linguistic tool for demonstration of politeness in Kempo speech of Manggarai language in west Flores, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustinus Semiun
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Local Language ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

Abstract This article presents euphemisms as linguistic tools for the expression of politeness in a local language, Kempo speech of the Manggarai language, in West Flores, Indonesia. The universal use of euphemisms indcates that speakers of languages across the world very much care about politeness as a means to maintain social relationships. Euphemisms are defined as the use of soft or mild words to replace offensive words for the purpose of politeness. They are used during interactions, to ensure that social relationships are maintained. The qualitative data show that Kempo ethnic people use various types of mild words to prevent their crops being damaged by certain animals; to maintain interactions by not mentioning certain human body parts; to replace the names of certain professions that are not polite to mention during interactions; and to avoid mentioning unworthy words for certain activities, events, and conditions. These euphemisms are used to maintain politeness in any interaction or communication.The euphemisms identified are morphologically and syntactically formed. It is interesting that some euphemisms are in the form of words bearing lexical meanings, while others have idiomatic meanings. Meanwhile, some euphemisms are in phrase and clause forms that bear idiomatic meanings. These findings indicate that the people of Kempo ethnicity very much care about how to use language properly to maintain politeness and social relationships.

Inalienability in social relations: Language, possession, and exchange in Amazonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ball
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Identity ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
The Social

AbstractThis article describes inalienability in the Wauja (Arawak) language in the context of Brazilian Upper Xinguan culture. Wauja grammar encodes a distinction between alienable and inalienable possession that marks kin, body parts, and other terms and that largely but not perfectly overlaps with a local cultural category of emblematic possessions. I analyze how grammatical and cultural aspects of inalienable possession combine in discourse and exchange to contribute to the social identities of possessors. I present an ethnographic account of the role of inalienability in Wauja grammar and discourse in the disruption and repair of social relationships between groups in Upper Xinguan ritual. I argue for a mutually reinforcing relationship between grammatical categories and sociocultural meaning. I suggest that attention to language and possession, in addition to language and identity, is important for cross culturally comparative sociolinguistic analysis of such connections. (Inalienable possession, grammatical categories, discourse, exchange, Upper Xingu, Wauja (Arawak), ethnolinguistic identity)*

Interspecies pectoral fin contact between bottlenose dolphins and Atlantic spotted dolphins off Bimini, The Bahamas

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Laura E. Eierman ◽  
Kristen Laccetti ◽  
Kelly Melillo-Sweeting ◽  
J. Daisy Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Atlantic Spotted Dolphins

Social relationships among adult female baboons

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Seyfarth
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female

scholarly journals Bringing Objectification into Social Relationships Research: Is Self-Objectification Harmful for Authenticity?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Rollero
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Appearance Anxiety ◽  
Step Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSelf-objectification is a pervasive process in contemporary Western societies and psychological literature has largely shown its negative consequences in terms of body shame, appearance anxiety, mental health and performance. Mass media play a key role in promoting such process through the extensive sexualization of individuals’ body and the separation of sexualized body parts from the rest of the body. The purpose of the present study was to extend past research by examining the effects of self-objectification in the context of social relationships among young adults. Participants were 235 undergraduates (55.7% females). A three-step model was successfully tested: results showed that internalization of media standards is related to increased self-objectification (β = .33, SE = .08, p = .01), which in turn is associated with authenticity, being high self-objectifiers less devoted to authentic living (β = –.21, SE = .09, p = .01) and more self-alienated (β = .14, SE = .08, p = .04) and dependent on others’ influence (β = .50, SE = .01, p = .01). The pattern of these relationships did not significantly vary across gender (χ2 = 6.29; p = .18). Implications concerning the impact of self-objectification in the domain of social relationships are discussed.

scholarly journals Behavioral Asymmetries of Pectoral Fin Use During Social Interactions of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley A Winship ◽  
Brittany Poelma ◽  
Stan A. Kuczaj ◽  
Holli C. Eskelinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Facilitators

The preference for utilizing certain appendages (handedness) has been explored in human and nonhuman primates. Similarly to primates, dolphins possess hemispheres that allow an individual to present behaviorally dominant features as well as appendages (i.e., pectoral fins) that are utilized both as social facilitators as well as means to interact with objects. Thus, the possibility of handedness in a captive population of 27 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) was explored. Dolphins in a mother-offspring relationship made significantly more pectoral fin contacts than in the absence of this relationship (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between maternal siblings and non-maternal siblings in overall pectoral fin contact. Handedness indexes were calculated for 26 individuals that initiated pectoral fin contact with both conspecifics and flora (i.e., seagrass) in their habitat. No significant differences were observed between the sexes in handedness indexes, however calves displayed a significant right-fin handedness compared to both sub-adults and adults (p < 0.05). Both sub-adults and adults showed a left-fin handedness indexes, but no significant difference in the strength of this relationship among these two age classes was observed. Individual variation in handedness indexes was noted. These results suggest that handedness may be present in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins with regards to social contact, and a larger and more diverse sample size may provide a better understanding in why handedness may change across development.

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