Field observations on the social relationships between adult female and juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail R. Michener
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior

Field observations were conducted in southern Saskatchewan in 1969 and 1971. Adult female Richardson's ground squirrels and their own young engaged predominantly in nasal and cohesive contacts while adults and young from other litters engaged predominantly in agonistic contacts. Identification sometimes occurred at a distance based on the location and behavior of the other animal.Newly emerged juveniles remained close to the home burrow and engaged mainly in non-agonistic interactions with both their mothers and other adults. Not until juveniles were 6–7 weeks old and were familiar with the area used by the mother did they correctly identify adults regardless of where the interaction occurred.

Kin selection and adult female Richardson's ground squirrels: a test

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2344-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
Behavioural Asymmetries

A population of adult female Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) was experimentally manipulated so that on one half of the study area each of the 9 females had 2 or 3 closely related females (mother, daughter, or littermate sister) as neighbours (the "kin cluster group," KC), while the 10 females on the other half of the area did not have closely related females as contiguous neighbours (the "no kin cluster group," NKC). In the previous year, breeding success and behaviour of females on both halves of the study area were similar. Following the manipulation, KC females spent a greater proportion of their aboveground time feeding, were less vigilant, shared a greater proportion of their core area with their nearest neighbour, were less likely to be involved in interactions that led to chasing and fleeing, and had a much better breeding success compared with females in the NKC group. These results provide a preliminary demonstration that the association of adult female kin to Richardson's ground squirrels can be advantageous, and as such, the observed behavioural asymmetries based upon kinship could be maintained by kin selection.

Changes in the Relationships of Captive Rhesus Monkeys On Giving Birth

Behaviour ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 304-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Hinde ◽  
Linda Powell Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
The Times ◽  
Relative Preferences ◽  
Unrelated Adult

AbstractI) Relationships between captive adult female rhesus monkeys were assessed for 6 weeks before and 20 weeks after birth in terms of proximity, approaches and leavings, grooming and agonistic interactions. 2) Before the births, the mothers-to-be spent more time with (and more time grooming with) related than with unrelated individuals. Responsibility for proximity with unrelated adult females to whom the mother was dominant lay primarily with the mother, but where the other female was subordinate it might lie with either party. Mothers-to-be tended to groom adult females dominant to themselves more than they were groomed by them, and vice versa. 3) Differences between the times that mothers-to-be spent near members of different age/sex/rank classes could not be accounted for in terms of generalizations describing preferences of the mothers for members of those classes nor relative preferences of them for her. 4) After the births, members of all age/sex/rank classes tended to be near (and to groom) mothers more when the infants were on the mothers than when they were off but near her, and to be near the mother more when the infants were off but near than when the infants were off and distant from the mother. Proximity between mother and others tended to become more independent of the position of the baby as it developed. 5) Differences between age/sex/rank classes in time spent near the mother after birth were generally similar to those found before birth. The index for the mother's role in maintaining proximity was predominantly negative. 6) All age/sex/rank categories tended to be near the mother less after the birth than before, especially when the infant was off its mother. The differences disappeared with time. Adult males tended to groom the mother less, and adult females to groom her more, than before birth. 7) Changes in proximity between mother and other from before to after birth can be understood in terms of an increase in the attraction of others to mother and a decrease in mothers' affinity for others.

scholarly journals MAKNA GERAK TORTOR MANGONDAS DALAM UPACARA KEMATIAN SAUR MATUA PADA MASYARAKAT BATAK TOBA DI KABUPATEN SAMOSIR

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinda Turnip
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Good Luck ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Village

Tortor Mangondas is an expression of sorrow that was created to meet the needsof indigenous meaningful honor the dead (and of the spirit / tondi man and tondithe first death) and is a communication between the real world and the other world(deceased) for application of this world can be given to the fathers and good luck /blessing of them can be given to people who live mainly heirs.This study aims tofind out what the meaning contained in Tortor Mangondas in Toba Batak society.The theoretical foundation of this research uses one theory, the theory of meaningand understanding tortor mangondas and death ceremonies.Location and time the research was conducted in Samosir and time for twomonths, the sample population figures there are some dancers and artists as wellas traditional leaders. The author conducted field observations, with videocapture, documentation, and conduct interviews with sources, as well as completethe data through research at the Village Siopat bill SamosirThe results based on the data that has been collected can be seen that TortorMangondas never appears solely as a form of dance in any society. But themotion-motion can still be explained the meaning of each movement performed.Tortor Mangondas created because someone who has died Saur matua not have achance to talk to the family to deliver the parting words and all expressions heartscontent. The social value as a society Batak Toba Mate Saur Matua wherebyTortor Mangondashasuhutan held with the objective of respect for parents and atthe same time submit a request to Mulajadi Nabolon prayer.

scholarly journals Family network size and survival across the lifespan of female macaques

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1854) ◽  
pp. 20170515 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. N. Brent ◽  
A. Ruiz-Lambides ◽  
M. L. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Network Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Two decades of research suggest social relationships have a common evolutionary basis in humans and other gregarious mammals. Critical to the support of this idea is growing evidence that mortality is influenced by social integration, but when these effects emerge and how long they last is mostly unknown. Here, we report in adult female macaques that the impact of number of close adult female relatives, a proxy for social integration, on survival is not experienced uniformly across the life course; prime-aged females with a greater number of relatives had better survival outcomes compared with prime-aged females with fewer relatives, whereas no such effect was found in older females. Group size and dominance rank did not influence this result. Older females were less frequent targets of aggression, suggesting enhanced experience navigating the social landscape may obviate the need for social relationships in old age. Only one study of humans has found age-based dependency in the association between social integration and survival. Using the largest dataset for any non-human animal to date, our study extends support for the idea that sociality promotes survival and suggests strategies employed across the life course change along with experience of the social world.

Social relationships in a group of horses without a mature stallion

Behaviour ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurdur Snorrason ◽  
Hrefna Sigurjónsdóttir ◽  
Anna Thórhallsdóttir ◽  
Machteld van Dierendonck
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Feral Horse ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Icelandic Horses

Abstract1. The social relationships in a group of Icelandic horses without a mature stallion were studied. The horses were all familiar to each other. Mutual grooming and play relationships, spatial associations, dominance-subordinate relations and the effect of kinship on these relationships were analysed. 2. The social structure was clearly dominated by the behaviour of the adult mares. The horses preferred to form bonds within their social class (sex/age) and they kept close proximity with their friends. The group was effectively divided into two social subgroups, adult mares as one group and adult geldings and sub-adults as another group. The sub-adults and adult geldings formed associations, which were based on mutual grooming and play, while the adult mares did not play. Differences between the sexes were evident. Males played more than the females, had more playing partners and were more popular as playmates. 3. Aggression rates were low. The dominance hierarchy was linear. Adult mares ranked higher than adult geldings, sub-adults and the foals. Rank was significantly correlated with age. The closer the adult mares were in rank, the more they groomed with each other. Such relationships were not found amongst the other social group. 4. Kinship was calculated between all pairs of animals for up to 4 or 5 generations. Allogrooming and play frequencies and proximity were all positively correlated with kinship. Adult mares, which were close in the dominance hierarchy, were on average more related than those further apart. 5. The social relationships in the Icelandic herd were, to some extent, different from relationships reported from unmanaged and feral horse-herds with mature stallions and bachelors. Our results suggest that adult mares groom more in groups without a stallion. Furthermore, they have more preferred partners than in natural harems and their partners are other adult mares, not their weaned offspring as seems to be the case in feral herds. The sub-adults also seem to be more socially active in the absence of stallions. Interestingly, in the Icelandic group, the adult mares showed stallion like behaviours, like mounting and protecting foals. Only by studying the behaviour and the nature of the relationships of horses in groups of different compositions, can we expect to gain a comprehensive understanding about individual social strategies and cognitive capabilities of the species. Such knowledge is valuable for management and welfare of the horse.

scholarly journals Individuality and liminarity: some considerations concerning rites of passage and modernity

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto DaMatta
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Link

Abstract This article explores a critical link between two concepts which are central to the social sciences: the idea of liminarity, engendered by the anthropological tradition of self-centred and self-referred monographic studies; and the idea of individuality, a key concept within the classical tradition of the socio-historical studies of great civilizations (as well as being the crucial and familiar category of our civil and political universe). The author seeks to show how a bridge can be established between these two concepts, which may at first appear distant, by focusing on certain under-discussed aspects of rites of passage. He argues that the ‘liminal’ phase of rites of passage is tied to the ambiguity brought about through the isolation and individualization of the initiate. It is thus the experience of being ‘outside-the-world’ that brings forth and characterises liminal states, not the other way around - in short, it is individuality that engenders liminarity. Rites of passage transform this experience into complementarity, into an immersion within a network of social relationships, which the ordeals, in contrast, establish as a model for the plenitude of social life.

An Explanatory Model of Poverty from the Perspective of Social Psychology and Human Rights

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Pérez-Muñoz ◽  
Fernando Chacón ◽  
Rosario Martínez Arias
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractPoverty is a social problem, entailing not only an economical perspective but above all a human and social issue. Poverty is promoted, justified and maintained by unique individuals and groups by means of our own attitudes, interests and behavior, as well as with our social structures and social relationships. From this interactive, psychosocial and sociostructural perspective, and also considering poverty as a denial of basic human rights (UNDP, 1998), we carried out a study with the primary objective to design and verify an Explanatory Model of Poverty. This research may helps to increase the validity of diagnostics and the effectiveness of interventions. Most of the hypotheses were accepted during the analysis and verification of the Model (p < .001), with data fitting the Model (CFI: 1 RMSEA: .025: LO90: 0 – HI90: .061. RMR: .008). These results, if replicated in new investigations, could have the following implications: (a) the need for a broad and comprehensive definition of poverty including its effects, processes and causes; (b) the need for everybody to accept the social responsibility in the prevention and solution to poverty; and (c) the need to conduct longitudinal interventions with scientific methodology and social participation.

Social behaviour of the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2529-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Ferron
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Spermophilus Lateralis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age And Sex

The social interactions of golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) observed during a 2-year study in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta under natural conditions are described and quantitatively analyzed. Agonistic interactions were common for all age and sex groups, except among littermates before dispersal. Among adults, cohesive and recognitive behaviours were restricted almost exclusively to male–female interactions. For young, cohesive and recognitive behaviours occurred with other young (mainly littermates) and with the mother. This species can be categorized as "asocial" according to G. R. Michener's classification of social organization in ground squirrels.

THE HOMOSEXUAL THEATRE MOVEMENT IN THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-35
Author(s):  
Laurence Senelick
Keyword(s):  
Weimar Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Gay Liberation ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Benign Neglect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Homosexual Identity ◽  
And Behavior

When the first serious studies of the homosexual past began to appear in English, they bore titles like Hidden from History and Who Was That Man? Even now such studies may describe themselves as “disclosures,” “the secret life,” “the untold story.” The suggestion is that there has been, if not a deliberate suppression, then a less-than-benign neglect of those aspects of history that revealed the presence of same-sex desire and behavior. To unearth and disclose them was regarded as essential to the struggle for gay liberation. By establishing homosexual individuals as a presence from time immemorial, one could make the study of them respectable and thereby bestow respectability on their practices, sexual and cultural, as well. This endeavor was complicated by the increasingly heated debate between the “essentialists,” who regard a homosexual identity to be innate and ahistorical, and the “social constructionists,” followers of Foucault, who insist on the evolution of a modern homosexual identity as the result of changes in the concept of sexuality. Often the fruits of research have been obscured by contentions over whether they supported one camp or the other. Valuable data, which might have gone to challenge traditional attitudes or conventional postures, fell unheard on ears deafened by the grinding of axes.

Worldview Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 156-172
Author(s):  
Mona Kanwal Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Global Era ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Way

In a global era, the challenge for worldview analysis is to embrace both a context-sensitive and a culturally sensitive approach to concepts and ideas. This chapter identifies solid methods to analyze and comprehend the vertical dynamics between worldviews and action and also the horizontal dynamics between the precepts, imageries, and grievances that stem from transnational views of religion, politics, and society. The chapter reviews the most dominant definitions and applications of the worldview concept as it has been used in the study of global phenomena in the social sciences and how they differ from the way the concept of ideology is applied. This opens up a critical discussion of the link between worldview on one side and behavior on the other. By drawing on sociotheology, the chapter engages with the question of how to embrace context and culturally sensitive methods to study transnational worldviews.

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