Linguistic and Articulatory Aspects of Single Word Production in Apraxia of Speech

Current models of word form retrieval converge on central assumptions. They all distinguish between morphological, phonological, and phonetic representations and processes; they all assume morphological and phonological decomposition, and agree on the main processing units at these levels. In addition, all current models of word form postulate the same basic retrieval mechanisms: activation and selection of units. Models of word production often distinguish between processes concerning the selection of a single word unit from the mental lexicon and the retrieval of the associated word form. This article explores lexical selection and word form retrieval in language production. Following the distinctions in linguistic theory, it discusses morphological encoding, phonological encoding, and phonetic encoding. The article also considers the representation of phonological knowledge, building of phonological representations, segmental retrieval, retrieval of metrical information, generating the phonetic code of words, and a model of word form retrieval.

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A neurophonetic perspective on articulation planning

Proceedings of 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics ◽

10.36505/exling-2020/11/0003/000418 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wolfram Ziegler

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Higher Order ◽

Speech Development ◽

Word Production ◽

Apraxia Of Speech ◽

Clinical Model ◽

Motor Processes ◽

Speech Motor Learning ◽

Speech Motor ◽

Production Accuracy

This paper gives an overview of a model that predicts articulation ease for German phonological words on the basis of error data from patients with apraxia of speech (AOS). AOS is introduced as a clinical model of higher order motor processes for articulation. Word production accuracy in AOS is considered as a window into the structure of articulation plans as acquired through speech motor learning in childhood. The NLG model of apraxia of speech is explained. Applications in speech development and adult speech are outlined.

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Self-Judgments of Word Production Accuracy in Acquired Apraxia of Speech

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2016_ajslp-15-0139 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4S) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Julie Wambaugh ◽

Linda Shuster ◽

Dallin J. Bailey ◽

Shannon Mauszycki ◽

Jacob Kean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Empirical Data ◽

False Positives ◽

Word Production ◽

The Self ◽

Clinical Feature ◽

Apraxia Of Speech ◽

False Negatives ◽

Error Awareness ◽

Sampling Times ◽

Accuracy And Stability

Purpose The ability to recognize one's own speech errors has long been considered a clinical feature of acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) despite limited empirical data supporting this notion. This study was designed to (a) investigate the ability of speakers with AOS to self-judge the accuracy of their own word productions and (b) examine the test–retest stability of a measure to quantify the self-judgments of speakers with AOS. Method Twenty-four speakers with AOS and aphasia repeated mono- and multisyllabic words. After each word, they indicated whether their production was correct or incorrect. This procedure was repeated 1 week later to examine performance stability. Results Percentage of incorrect word productions was stable for the group across times. Accuracy of judgments ranged from 64% to 100% at Time 1 and from 56% to 100% at Time 2. Inaccurate judgments of error productions (false positives) occurred much more frequently than inaccurate judgments of correct productions (false negatives). Conclusions Error production was remarkably stable in our participants. As a group, the participants failed to detect almost one third of words produced erroneously. However, accuracy and stability of judgments over sampling times varied across participants. Findings suggest that error awareness might be a worthwhile target for treatment in some individuals with AOS.

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A multi-functional approach to single-word usage

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000900000465 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 23-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Maris Monitz Rodgon ◽

Wayne Jankowski ◽

Lucias Alenskas

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Language Acquisition ◽

Functional Approach ◽

Word Production ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Single Word ◽

Dimensional Approach ◽

Word Usage ◽

Child Interaction ◽

Parent Child Interaction

ABSTRACTLanguage is conceptualized as a multi-dimensional entity which involves symbolic and cognitive aspects, communicative aspects, and structural-linguistic aspects, both syntactic and semantic. The child's task during acquisition is to become aware of, to understand, and to operate according to convention in these three spheres. Analysis of the single-word production of three children revealed developmental changes in the salience of the three aspects and individual differences in functional styles of language acquisition. Use of the multi-dimensional approach also revealed differences in the relations between language, overt action, and a child's tendency to talk about action. Many differences, particularly in communicative style, were related to differences in parent–child interaction.

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Distinctions between two phonological output deficits

Applied Psycholinguistics ◽

10.1017/s0142716400006986 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 75-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Susan E. Kohn ◽

Katherine L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Pattern ◽

Word Production ◽

Phonological Encoding ◽

Single Word ◽

Phonological Representations ◽

Behavioral Features ◽

Phonemic Representations ◽

Two Stages ◽

Phonological Activation ◽

Phonological System

ABSTRACTTwo aphasics with a similar level of phonological production difficulty are compared to distinguish the properties of disruption to two stages in the phonological system for producing single words: activation of stored lexical-phonological representations versus construction of phonemic representations. A set of distinguishing behavioral features for breakdown at each stage is generated on the basis of a model of single word production. Important variables for analyzing output include: (a) the unit of phonological encoding (morpheme versus syllable), (b) the phonemic relationship between targets and responses, (c) the effects of target consonant-vowel (CV) structure, and (d) the level of pseudoword production. On a set of production tests, the expected behavioral pattern for impaired lexical-phonological activation was displayed by LW, while the expected behavioral pattern for impaired phonemic planning was displayed by CM.

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Semantic and phonological codes interact in single word production.

Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition ◽

10.1037/0278-7393.25.2.345 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 345-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 137

Author(s):

Markus F. Damian ◽

Randi C. Martin

Keyword(s):

Word Production ◽

Single Word

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Single Word Production in Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia

Brain and Language ◽

10.1006/brln.1997.1852 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 226-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Karen Croot ◽

Karalyn Patterson ◽

John R. Hodges

Keyword(s):

Word Production ◽

Single Word ◽

Progressive Aphasia

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Phonological Process in Toddlers’’ Single-Word Production: An Explorative Study of Alveolar Sounds in English

Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics ◽

10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.3.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

Muhammad Ali Shahid ◽

Ali Furqan Syed ◽

Syed Kamran Ali Razi ◽

Saira Sajid ◽

Ijaz Hussain

Keyword(s):

Word Production ◽

Single Word ◽

Phonological Process ◽

International Phonetic Alphabet ◽

Phonetic Transcription ◽

Complicated Process ◽

Length Data ◽

Sound Patterns ◽

Probabilistic Sample ◽

Consonant Sounds

The production of phonological patterns is a very complicated process especially when alveolar consonant sounds are pronounced in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The toddlers ageing 2-3 years as well as the language handicaps find it more complicated to cope with this sound process. The present study on toddlers aims at investigating the alveolar consonant sounds in keeping with single word production. The Iowa Test of Consonant Perception by Jason Geller was implemented to investigate sound productions in the perspective of Substitution Process proposed by Burnthal and Rankson (2004). Non-probabilistic Sample of twenty-five toddlers was given 125 words; a five-word set to every toddler to pronounce repeating at least five times at the top of his voice the articulators at length. Data was collected by means of informants’ close observations. The comparison between the pronunciation of original words and that of produced words with their phonetic transcription provided evidence of the shift in alveolar sound patterns during the phonological process by the toddlers. The results implicated that the toddlers made good use of articulators with ease and without any special training. They simplified the complicated consonant sound patterns at their own convenience. The study will be equally beneficial for speech pathologists, linguistic scholars, and keen phonology learners.

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