Distinctions between two phonological output deficits

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Kohn ◽  
Katherine L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Phonological Encoding ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Phonemic Representations ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Phonological Activation ◽  
Phonological System

ABSTRACTTwo aphasics with a similar level of phonological production difficulty are compared to distinguish the properties of disruption to two stages in the phonological system for producing single words: activation of stored lexical-phonological representations versus construction of phonemic representations. A set of distinguishing behavioral features for breakdown at each stage is generated on the basis of a model of single word production. Important variables for analyzing output include: (a) the unit of phonological encoding (morpheme versus syllable), (b) the phonemic relationship between targets and responses, (c) the effects of target consonant-vowel (CV) structure, and (d) the level of pseudoword production. On a set of production tests, the expected behavioral pattern for impaired lexical-phonological activation was displayed by LW, while the expected behavioral pattern for impaired phonemic planning was displayed by CM.

Word form retrieval in language production

2007 ◽  
pp. 470-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje S. Meyer ◽  
Eva Belke
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Phonetic Code ◽  
Selection Of

Current models of word form retrieval converge on central assumptions. They all distinguish between morphological, phonological, and phonetic representations and processes; they all assume morphological and phonological decomposition, and agree on the main processing units at these levels. In addition, all current models of word form postulate the same basic retrieval mechanisms: activation and selection of units. Models of word production often distinguish between processes concerning the selection of a single word unit from the mental lexicon and the retrieval of the associated word form. This article explores lexical selection and word form retrieval in language production. Following the distinctions in linguistic theory, it discusses morphological encoding, phonological encoding, and phonetic encoding. The article also considers the representation of phonological knowledge, building of phonological representations, segmental retrieval, retrieval of metrical information, generating the phonetic code of words, and a model of word form retrieval.

Word order does not constrain phonological activation in single word production

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mädebach ◽  
Ekaterina Alekseeva ◽  
Jörg D. Jescheniak
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Phonological Activation

scholarly journals No Right to Speak? The Relationship between Object Naming and Semantic Impairment:Neuropsychological Evidence and a Computational Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lambon Ralph ◽  
J. L. McClelland ◽  
K. Patterson ◽  
C. J. Galton ◽  
J. R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Object Naming ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Two Measures

The processes required for object naming were addressed in a study of patients with semantic dementia (a selective decline of semantic memory resulting from progressive temporal lobe atrophy) and in a computational model of single-word production. Although all patients with semantic dementia are impaired in both single-word production and comprehension, previous reports had indicated two different patterns: (a) a parallel decline in accuracy of naming and comprehension, with frequent semantic naming errors, suggesting a purely semantic basis for the anomia and (b) a dramatic progressive anomia. Longitudinal data for 16 patients with semantic dementia reflected these two profiles, but with the following additional important specifications: (1)despite a few relatively extreme versions of one or other profile, the full set of cases formed a continuum in the extent of anomia for a given degree of degraded comprehension; (2) the degree of disparity between these two abilities was associated with relative asymmetry in laterality of atrophy: a parallel decline in the two measures characterized patients with greater right-than left-temporal atrophy, while disproportionate anomia occurred with a predominance of atrophy in the left-temporal lobe. In an implemented computational model of naming, semantic representations were distributed across simulated left-and right-temporal regions, but the semantic units on the left were more strongly connected to left-lateralized phonological representations. Asymmetric damage to semantic units reproduced the longitudinal patient profiles of naming relative to comprehension, plus additional characteristics of the patients' naming performance. On the basis of both the neuropsychological and computational evidence, we propose that semantic impairment alone can account for the full range of word production deficits described here.

scholarly journals Phonological activation of category coordinates in spoken word production: Evidence for cascaded processing in English but not in Mandarin

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
QINGFANG ZHANG ◽  
XUEBING ZHU ◽  
MARKUS F. DAMIAN
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Word ◽  
Word Production ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Spoken Word Production ◽  
Mandarin Speakers ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Mediated Priming ◽  
Phonological Activation ◽  
Recent Claim

ABSTRACTA central issue in spoken word production concerns how activation is transmitted from semantic to phonological levels. Recent evidence from studies of speakers of Western languages supports a cascaded view, according to which under certain circumstances, lexical candidates other than the target can activate their corresponding phonological properties. In the current study, we investigated possible differences between English and Mandarin speakers concerning the degree of cascadedness in the production system, based on the broader recent claim that properties of word form encoding might differ according to languages. With English speakers (Experiment 1), we found that when activation of targets and semantic competitors was boosted via a manipulation of semantic context, then concurrently presented “mediated” distractor words (which were phonologically related to a semantic competitor) generated interference. However, no such mediated priming was found in a parallel experiment with Chinese materials and Mandarin speakers (Experiment 2). These results suggest potential fundamental differences across the target languages in how activation is transmitted during lexical access.

A multi-functional approach to single-word usage

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maris Monitz Rodgon ◽  
Wayne Jankowski ◽  
Lucias Alenskas
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Word Usage ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction

ABSTRACTLanguage is conceptualized as a multi-dimensional entity which involves symbolic and cognitive aspects, communicative aspects, and structural-linguistic aspects, both syntactic and semantic. The child's task during acquisition is to become aware of, to understand, and to operate according to convention in these three spheres. Analysis of the single-word production of three children revealed developmental changes in the salience of the three aspects and individual differences in functional styles of language acquisition. Use of the multi-dimensional approach also revealed differences in the relations between language, overt action, and a child's tendency to talk about action. Many differences, particularly in communicative style, were related to differences in parent–child interaction.

scholarly journals Multiple scansions in loanword phonology: evidence from Cantonese

Phonology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Loanword Phonology ◽  
Phonological System

In loanword phonology we seek to uncover the processes by which speakers possessing one phonological system perceive, apply native representational constraints on, and ultimately produce forms which have been generated by a different phonological system. We are interested in how speakers instantiate segmental and prosodic structure on an input which may or may not abide by native rules. Crucial to this assumed strategy is the idea that loanwords do not come equipped with their own phonological representation. For any phonetic string, it is only native speakers for whom a fully articulated phonological structure is present; as we will see, the input to loanword phonology is merely a superficial non-linguistic acoustic signal. Thus as host-language speakers perceive foreign forms in accordance with their indigenous phonological system, they instantiate native phonological representations on the acoustic signal, fitting the superficial input into the native phonological system as closely as possible.

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