scholarly journals Phonological Process in Toddlers’’ Single-Word Production: An Explorative Study of Alveolar Sounds in English

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Shahid ◽  
Ali Furqan Syed ◽  
Syed Kamran Ali Razi ◽  
Saira Sajid ◽  
Ijaz Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Word Production ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
International Phonetic Alphabet ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Sound Patterns ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
Consonant Sounds

The production of phonological patterns is a very complicated process especially when alveolar consonant sounds are pronounced in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The toddlers ageing 2-3 years as well as the language handicaps find it more complicated to cope with this sound process. The present study on toddlers aims at investigating the alveolar consonant sounds in keeping with single word production. The Iowa Test of Consonant Perception by Jason Geller was implemented to investigate sound productions in the perspective of Substitution Process proposed by Burnthal and Rankson (2004). Non-probabilistic Sample of twenty-five toddlers was given 125 words; a five-word set to every toddler to pronounce repeating at least five times at the top of his voice the articulators at length. Data was collected by means of informants’ close observations. The comparison between the pronunciation of original words and that of produced words with their phonetic transcription provided evidence of the shift in alveolar sound patterns during the phonological process by the toddlers. The results implicated that the toddlers made good use of articulators with ease and without any special training. They simplified the complicated consonant sound patterns at their own convenience. The study will be equally beneficial for speech pathologists, linguistic scholars, and keen phonology learners. 

Phonetic Disintegration in a Five-Year-Old Following Sudden Hearing Loss

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Binnie ◽  
Raymond G. Daniloff ◽  
Hugh W. Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sudden Hearing Loss ◽  
Spectrographic Analysis ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Prolonged Duration

The speech of a five-year-old boy who suffered a profound hearing loss following meningitis was sampled at two-week intervals for nine months. Speech samples were subjected to phonetic transcription, spectrographic analysis, and intelligibility testing. Immediately post-trauma, the child displayed slightly slower, F o elevated, acoustically intense speech in which phonemic distortion and syllabification of consonants occurred occasionally; single word intelligibility was depressed below normal between 20–30%. By the 18th week, a sudden decline in intelligibility, increasing monotony of pitch, and a pattern of strongly emphatic, prolonged, aspirated, syllabified, and increasingly distorted consonants were manifest. At year's end, the child's speech bore some resemblance to the speech of the deaf in terms of suprasegmentals, intonation, and intelligibility, but differed because the child rarely, if ever deleted speech sounds or diphthongized vowels strongly. It is speculated that phonetic processes such as diphthongization, syllabification, and prolonged duration may be strategies for enhancing feedback during speech.

Word form retrieval in language production

2007 ◽  
pp. 470-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje S. Meyer ◽  
Eva Belke
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Phonetic Code ◽  
Selection Of

Current models of word form retrieval converge on central assumptions. They all distinguish between morphological, phonological, and phonetic representations and processes; they all assume morphological and phonological decomposition, and agree on the main processing units at these levels. In addition, all current models of word form postulate the same basic retrieval mechanisms: activation and selection of units. Models of word production often distinguish between processes concerning the selection of a single word unit from the mental lexicon and the retrieval of the associated word form. This article explores lexical selection and word form retrieval in language production. Following the distinctions in linguistic theory, it discusses morphological encoding, phonological encoding, and phonetic encoding. The article also considers the representation of phonological knowledge, building of phonological representations, segmental retrieval, retrieval of metrical information, generating the phonetic code of words, and a model of word form retrieval.

A multi-functional approach to single-word usage

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maris Monitz Rodgon ◽  
Wayne Jankowski ◽  
Lucias Alenskas
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Word Usage ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction

ABSTRACTLanguage is conceptualized as a multi-dimensional entity which involves symbolic and cognitive aspects, communicative aspects, and structural-linguistic aspects, both syntactic and semantic. The child's task during acquisition is to become aware of, to understand, and to operate according to convention in these three spheres. Analysis of the single-word production of three children revealed developmental changes in the salience of the three aspects and individual differences in functional styles of language acquisition. Use of the multi-dimensional approach also revealed differences in the relations between language, overt action, and a child's tendency to talk about action. Many differences, particularly in communicative style, were related to differences in parent–child interaction.

Distinctions between two phonological output deficits

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Kohn ◽  
Katherine L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Phonological Encoding ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Phonemic Representations ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Phonological Activation ◽  
Phonological System

ABSTRACTTwo aphasics with a similar level of phonological production difficulty are compared to distinguish the properties of disruption to two stages in the phonological system for producing single words: activation of stored lexical-phonological representations versus construction of phonemic representations. A set of distinguishing behavioral features for breakdown at each stage is generated on the basis of a model of single word production. Important variables for analyzing output include: (a) the unit of phonological encoding (morpheme versus syllable), (b) the phonemic relationship between targets and responses, (c) the effects of target consonant-vowel (CV) structure, and (d) the level of pseudoword production. On a set of production tests, the expected behavioral pattern for impaired lexical-phonological activation was displayed by LW, while the expected behavioral pattern for impaired phonemic planning was displayed by CM.

Single Word Production in Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Croot ◽  
Karalyn Patterson ◽  
John R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Word Production ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Progressive Aphasia

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN PRONOUNCING ENGLISH WORDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Andi Idayani
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Short Vowel ◽  
English Language Education ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Oral Test ◽  
English Students ◽  
Consonant Sounds

The objective of this research is to know the students’ errors in pronouncing of English words on vowel and consonant sounds in the first semester of English students of FKIP UIR. The research design of this study is descriptive research. The researcher assessed the students’ errors pronunciation at English Language Education of FKIP UIR. The Respondent of this research was the first semester of English students of FKIP UIR. In this study, the research instrument is an oral test, there are 40 words that be tested, and the data was collected by a recorder. In analyzing the data, the researcher helped by other English lecturers as raters. Then, the data was checked by using talking-talking software and phonetic transcription. The result of this study described that there are some errors made by students in pronouncing English words. There are 25 students’ errors pronounced short vowel /e/, 15 students’ errors pronouncing short vowel /ᴜ/, 21 Students’ errors pronouncing the consonant / ð/, 18 students’ errors pronouncing consonant /ɵ/, and 17 students’ errors pronouncing consonant /ʒ/.

scholarly journals Phonological Processes in Ekegusii Borrowing: A Constraint-based Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Edinah Mose
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Phonological Constraints ◽  
Sound Patterns ◽  
Constraint Approach

Phonological processes are at the heart of linguistic borrowing as it has varied phonological systems. It could be seen that the loan words entering the loan language from the source language can hardly be separated from the phonological process because they must be modified to suit the phonology of the loan language. This article analysed the phonological processes realized in Ekegusii borrowing from English using Optimality Theory’s constraint approach. Since this was a phonological study, descriptive linguistic fieldwork was used. The data used in this article was extracted from Mose’s doctoral study, whereby purposive sampling was used to obtain two hundred borrowed segments from the Ekegusii dictionary, then supplemented by introspection. Further, three adult native proficient Ekegusii speakers who were neither too young nor too old and had all their teeth were purposively sampled.  The two hundred tokens were then subjected to the sampled speakers through interviews to realize the sound patterns in the Ekegusii borrowing process overtly. The findings revealed that Ekegusii phonological constraints defined the well-formedness of the loanwords by repairing the illicit structures. To fix, various phonological processes were realized. They included: epenthesis, deletion, devoicing/strengthening, voicing/ weakening, re-syllabification, substitution, monophthongization, and lenition. The article concludes that borrowing across languages (related or unrelated) reports similar if not the same phonological processes only that the processes attested in one language are a subset of the universally exhibited phonological processes.

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