Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion in the Right Eye and Retinal Hemorrhage in the Left in a Patient with Classical Tsutsugamushi Disease

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the increase in resistivity of the retinal artery in the branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)-affected area, and to visualize it. Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with BRVO were measured by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). The retinal artery and vein running to the BRVO-affected area and vertically symmetrical vessels in the unaffected area were examined. We applied the LSFG parameter beat strength over mean blur rate (BOM), calculated using a similar method to the pulsatility index used in Doppler flowmetry to evaluate resistivity of the vessels. Our results showed that the BOM map could clearly visualize the increase of resistivity in the retinal artery as a two-dimensional map. The BOM of the arteries in the affected area was significantly higher than that of the unaffected area (P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the ratio of BOM in retinal arteries of the affected area to the unaffected was significantly associated with the extent of retinal hemorrhage (β = 0.447, P = 0.009). In conclusion, the index of resistivity of the retinal artery in the BRVO-affected area was higher and could be visualized in a two-dimensional map. These findings and techniques would contribute to elucidate the pathophysiology of BRVO.

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Method of Quantifying Size of Retinal Hemorrhages in Eyes with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Using 14-Square Grid: Interrater and Intrarater Reliability

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2016/1960190 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yuko Takashima ◽

Masahiko Sugimoto ◽

Kumiko Kato ◽

Maki Kozawa ◽

Kengo Ikesugi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Relative Size ◽

Retinal Hemorrhage ◽

Intrarater Reliability ◽

Retinal Hemorrhages ◽

Vein Occlusion ◽

Power Point

Purpose. To describe a method of quantifying the size of the retinal hemorrhages in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and to determine the interrater and intrarater reliabilities of these measurements. Methods. Thirty-five fundus photographs from 35 consecutive eyes with BRVO were studied. The fundus images were analyzed with Power-Point® software, and a grid of 14 squares was laid over the fundus image. Raters were asked to judge the percentage of each of the 14 squares that was covered by the hemorrhages, and the average of the 14 squares was taken to be the relative size of the retinal hemorrhage. Results. Interrater reliability between three raters was higher when a grid with 14 squares was used (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 0.96) than that when a box with no grid was used (ICC, 0.78). Intrarater reliability, which was calculated by the retinal hemorrhage area measured on two different days, was also higher (ICC, 0.97) than that with no grid (ICC, 0.86). Interrater reliability for five fundus pictures with poor image quality was also good when a grid with 14 squares was used (ICC, 0.88). Conclusions. Although our method is subjective, excellent interrater and intrarater reliabilities indicate that this method can be adapted for clinical use.

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Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated with the 20210 G-to-A Prothrombin Variant

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/112067210001000215 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 177-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Peris Martínez ◽

J.A. Aviñó Martínez ◽

M. Díaz-Llopis ◽

E. España Gregori ◽

J.L. Menezo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Fluorescein Angiography ◽

Medical History ◽

Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Visual Loss ◽

Vein Occlusion ◽

Common Risk Factors ◽

The Right

Purpose To describe a case of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in a patient who tested positive for the 20210 A allele of the prothrombin (PT) gene. Methods A 48-year-old man had visual loss in the right eye secondary to BRVO confirmed by ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography. His medical history was not remarkable for common risk factors for retinal occlusive diseases. Results Laboratory tests for hypercoagulability were positive for PT 20210 A variant. The patient's family tested negative for the PT variant. Conclusions Laboratory tests for coagulopathy, including the PT 20210 A variant, should be added to the examination of patients with central or BRVO, especially if most common risk factors for thrombosis have been excluded.

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Short-term effect of intravitreal conbercept injection on major and macular branch retinal vein occlusion

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060518819613 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 1202-1209 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuan Tao ◽

Chao Huang ◽

Min Liu ◽

Liyuan Sun ◽

Linlin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Retinal Hemorrhage ◽

Term Effect ◽

Relative Area ◽

Short Term ◽

Vein Occlusion ◽

Retinal Volume ◽

Central Fovea

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal conbercept injection on major and macular branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods This retrospective analysis involved 43 patients with BRVO (major BRVO n = 24; macular BRVO, n = 19) who were diagnosed by fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and injected with intravitreal conbercept. The following outcomes were measured at baseline and follow-up (1-6 months): best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT), total retinal volume in a 6-mm diameter section of the macula, choroidal thickness under the central fovea of the macula, relative area of retinal hemorrhage, complications, and times when repeated injection was performed. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of BCVA, CFT, and total retinal volume in a 6-mm diameter section of the macula at 6 months after treatment. Choroidal thickness under the central fovea of the macula and relative area of retinal hemorrhage showed no significant differences between the two groups at 6 months after treatment; however, they significantly differed from baseline measurements. Conclusion In general, intravitreal injection of conbercept may have a better short-term effect in patients with macular BRVO than in patients with major BRVO.

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Takayasu’s arteritis: a unique ophthalmic presentation with CRAO and BRVO

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2018-228909 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. e228909

Author(s):

Vinita Gupta ◽

Saurabh Luthra ◽

N Shrinkhal ◽

Sony Sinha

Keyword(s):

Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Takayasu’S Arteritis ◽

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽

Retinal Vessel ◽

Initial Presentation ◽

Takayasu's Arteritis ◽

Vein Occlusion ◽

The Right ◽

Cardiovascular Evaluation

A unique case of sequential occurrence of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and superotemporal branch retinal vein occlusion (ST-BRVO) in a patient of Takayasu’s arteritis is described. An 18-year-old man was diagnosed as left eye CRAO on his initial presentation and was subjected to a complete cardiovascular evaluation revealing findings diagnostic of Takayasu’s arteritis. Patient was however lost to follow-up and presented 16 months later with ST-BRVO in the right eye. Multidisciplinary intervention and an appropriate ocular intervention led to complete recovery of vision in the right eye that was maintained until his last ophthalmic evaluation (2.5 years after the initial presentation). Though uncommon, small retinal vessel involvement can occur in Takayasu’s arteritis as the inaugural feature. Hence, CRAO or branch retinal vein occlusion in a young patient, especially a male, mandates a thorough systemic evaluation and a high index of suspicion of Takayasu’s arteritis to prevent vision threatening complications.

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Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion with Vitreous Hemorrhage Identified During Intraoperative Vitrectomy

International Journal of Retina ◽

10.35479/ijretina.2018.vol001.iss001.37 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nafila Mahida Sukmono ◽

Ramzi Amin

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Laser Action ◽

Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽

Posterior Segment ◽

Vein Occlusion ◽

The Right ◽

Photocoagulation Laser

Introduction Retinal vein occlusion is the largest group of retinal blood vessels after diabetic retinopathy. Occlusion occurring in the retinal vein is divided into central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) occlusion. The Beijing Eye Study, reported a higher incidence of BRVO than CRVO, where 10-year incidents for BRVO were 1.6 per 100 subjects, and CRVO was only 0.3% 100 subjects.1 To report a case of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion with vitreous hemorrhage identified during intraoperative vitrectomy Method: A 49-year-old woman with a history of 15 years of hypertension had right eye vision complaints, increasingly blurred since last 2 months. The right eye visual acuity 2/60 cannot be corrected and left eye 6/30 cannot be corrected. The posterior segment on right eye is difficult to assess. USG B-Scan right eye found vitreous echospike appearance of vitreous bleeding. We manage with vitrectomy and during intraoperative we identified bleeding and ghost vessel in superotemporal area. Bleeding in the superotemporal quadrant is done by photocoagulation laser action. Results: First day postoperative there was increased in visual acuity to 6/60 with a posterior segment that could be assessed, obtained tortous blood vessels, slight bleeding and ghost vessel in the superotemporal area with laser injury. Conclusion: In this case report, patients with BRVO with complications of vitreous hemorrhage performed vitrectomy with additional endolaser in the ischemic area. The result of this action of visual acuity improvement in patient.

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Vitreous haemorrhage caused by unusual giant macular tear: a case report

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520959493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (9) ◽

pp. 030006052095949

Author(s):

Chunling Lei ◽

Li Chen

Keyword(s):

Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Vitreous Haemorrhage ◽

Partial Restoration ◽

Vein Occlusion ◽

Pars Plana ◽

The Right

Macular tears rarely occur without trauma. Here, we describe a patient with vitreous haemorrhage, which was caused by an unusual giant macular tear secondary to existing branch retinal vein occlusion. A 60-year-old woman presented with vision loss in the right eye because of vitreous haemorrhage. She had a history of branch retinal vein occlusion and had been treated with retinal photocoagulation 3 years prior. As treatment for vitreous haemorrhage, the patient underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade. During the operation, a large jagged tear was observed in the macula. We presumed that stretching of the fibrous proliferating membrane secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion was responsible for the macular tear and vitreous haemorrhage. Eventually, the results of pars plana vitrectomy led to anatomical closure of the macular tear and partial restoration of visual acuity.

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Relentless Placoid Chorioretinitis With Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion and Secondary Peripheral Retinal Neovascularization

Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases ◽

10.1177/2474126420939729 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 247412642093972

Author(s):

R. Rishi Gupta ◽

Douglas S.M. Iaboni ◽

Mark E. Seamone

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Retinal Neovascularization ◽

Prednisolone Acetate ◽

Vascular Changes ◽

Vein Occlusion ◽

White Dot Syndromes ◽

The Right ◽

Relentless Placoid Chorioretinitis

Purpose: We report a case of relentless placoid chorioretinitis (RPC) that developed branch retinal vein occlusion and peripheral retinal neovascularization in one eye. Methods: A case report is presented. Results: A 33-year-old healthy man presented with decreased visual acuity (20/150) in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination revealed anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation. Multiple yellow-white lesions were evident in the macula and scattered throughout the fundus. Following workup, a diagnosis of RPC was made. The patient was started on Pred Forte (prednisolone acetate 1%) and atropine drops. Three months later, visual acuity improved to 20/70 and 20/100 in the right and left eyes, respectively. At this time, fundus examination and fluorescein angiography revealed peripheral retinal neovascularization. Sectoral scatter laser photocoagulation was performed in the areas of nonperfusion. Conclusions: We describe a novel presentation of RPC associated with branch retinal vein occlusion and retinal neovascularization. Although the pathophysiology of RPC is believed to be primarily a choroidal vasculitis, retinal vascular changes may also occur, as observed in other white dot syndromes.

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Case Report: An Adult Patient With Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Resembled Unilateral Frosted Branch Angiitis

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.642454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yufeng Xu ◽

Yi Shan ◽

Yin Hu ◽

Jing Cao ◽

Yijie Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Adult Patient ◽

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽

Lacunar Infarction ◽

Frosted Branch Angiitis ◽

Vein Occlusion ◽

Adenosine Deaminase 2 ◽

The Right

Purpose: Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a rare autosomal recessive systemic autoinflammatory disorder. We describe a rare case of an adult patient with DADA2 who presented with unilateral frosted branch angiitis (FBA) combined with branch retinal vein occlusion and panuveitis.Method: This paper is a clinical case report.Results: A 31-year-old male patient complained of blurred vision in his right eye for 2 days. His fundus examination showed FBA combined with branch retinal vein occlusion and panuveitis. He had a medical history of intermittent and recurrent fever, skin rash and aphthous ulcer for 5 years, and lacunar infarction for 1 month. Laboratory examinations showed hypogammaglobulinemia and mild prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed old lacunar infarction in the right basal ganglia and the lateral ventricle and fresh lacunar infarction in the right pons, respectively. The perivascular sheathing of FBA and macular edema were resolved after steroid administration and treatment of intravitreal anti-VEGF injection. During the period of follow-up, the patient subsequently suffered from recurrence of strokes, abnormality of coagulation function, sudden hearing loss of the left ear, and diplopia. His gene sequencing results demonstrated several deletion mutations in ADA2, and the diagnosis of DADA2 was eventually confirmed.Conclusions: FBA represents a very rare ocular feature of DADA2 and may in some cases be the presenting manifestation. Therefore, ophthalmologists need to be aware of this rare autoinflammatory disease.

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