Static compression of articular cartilage can reduce solute diffusivity and partitioning: implications for the chondrocyte biological response

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1463-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Quinn ◽  
V. Morel ◽  
J.J. Meister
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Solute Diffusivity

Influence of Stress Magnitude on Water Loss and Chondrocyte Viability in Impacted Articular Cartilage

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Milentijevic ◽  
David L. Helfet ◽  
Peter A. Torzilli
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Axial Deformation ◽  
Chondrocyte Viability ◽  
Chondrocyte Death

The objective of this study was to assess mechano-biological response of articular cartilage when subjected to a single impact stress. Mature bovine cartilage explants were impacted with peak stresses ranging from 10 to 60 MPa at a stress rate of 350 MPa/s. Water loss, matrix axial deformation, dynamic impact modulus (DIM), and cell viability were measured immediately after impaction. The water loss through the articular surface (AS) was small and ranged from 1% to 6% with increasing peak stress. The corresponding axial strains ranged from 2.5% to 25%, respectively, while the DIM was 455.9±111.9 MPa. Chondrocyte death started at the articular surface and increased in depth to a maximum of 6% (70 μm) of the cartilage thickness at the highest stress. We found that the volumetric (axial) strain was more than twice the amount of water loss at the highest peak stress. Furthermore, specimens impacted such that the interstitial water was forced through the deep zone (DZ) had less water loss, a higher DIM, and no cell death. These findings appear to be due to matrix compaction in the superficial region causing higher compressive strains to occur at the surface rather than in the deeper zones.

Transport of neutral solute in articular cartilage: effects of loading and particle size

2005 ◽  
Vol 461 (2059) ◽  
pp. 2021-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Zhang ◽  
A.Z Szeri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Constant Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Constant Diffusion ◽  
The Matrix

We investigate the influence that matrix structure, size of diffusing molecules and type and intensity of mechanical loading have on the transport of neutral solutes in articular cartilage. Although this type of investigation has been performed in the past, earlier researchers assumed a constant diffusion coefficient. By contrast, our diffusion coefficient depends on the local deformation of the matrix, and thus varies both in space and in time during an experiment. We derive a three-dimensional formulation of the problem based on mixture theory and utilize the commercial finite-element code ABAQUS to study it numerically. We also make use of the Cohen–Turnbull–Yasuda model to correlate the decrease of the diffusion coefficient with the increase in tortuosity, owing to the presence of the matrix. Under appropriate circumstances, the equations derived here reduce to the classical convection/diffusion equation and the equations of the biphasic cartilage model. Even though we chose axisymmetric sample geometry for the present calculations, the model can easily be applied to irregular three-dimensional samples. Our results reinforce and refine previously published studies. The neutral solute's rate of diffusion is reduced under static compression, due to the strain dependence of the diffusion coefficient; an increase in static compression leads to a decrease in the rate of transport of solutes of all sizes. Dynamic loading, on the other hand, augments solute transport due to convection, depending on particle size. The transport of small molecular size solute is moderately enhanced, but only within the surface layer; however, the rate of transport of large molecule solute is greatly increased, even in the deep layer of the cartilage.

Effect of Compressive Load on the Mechanical Property of a Stem Cell Based Self-Assembled Tissue Derived From Synovium

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Emura ◽  
Atsushi Ogawa ◽  
Kei Saito ◽  
Wataru Ando ◽  
Norimasa Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Cartilage Injuries ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Self Assembled

Articular cartilage has superior functions such as impact absorption and low friction, although their healing capacities are limited. It is one of potential options for the repair of articular cartilage to use cell-based therapies. We have been developing a novel tissue-engineering technique for the repair of cartilage which involves a stem cell-based self-assembled tissue (scSAT) derived from synovium. As the scSAT is a scaffold-free contrust composed of cells with their native extracellular matrix, it is free from concern regarding long-term immunological effects. The scSAT is expressed as tissue engineered construct (TEC) when it is used for cartilage repair. Previous studies indicated that the mechanical properties of cartilage-like tissues repaired using the scSAT were slightly inferiorer to those of normal cartilage. We have a hypothesis that the mechanical properties of the cartilage-like tissues are improved if the scSAT is subjected to an adequate compressive stimulation in vitro before implantation. The present study was conducted as a preliminary study to determine whether static compression improves the mechanical property of the scSAT for more advanced regenerative medicine to cartilage injuries and degeneration.

scholarly journals Diffusion of MRI and CT Contrast Agents in Articular Cartilage under Static Compression

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Shafieyan ◽  
Niloufar Khosravi ◽  
Mohammad Moeini ◽  
Thomas M. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Ct Contrast

The Effect of Total Meniscectomy versus Caudal Pole Hemimeniscectomy on the Stifle Joint of the Sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Bellenger ◽  
P. Ghosh ◽  
Y. Numata ◽  
C. Little ◽  
D. S. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Proteoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Medial Meniscectomy ◽  
Tibial Condyle ◽  
Articular Cartilage Degeneration

SummaryTotal medial meniscectomy and caudal pole hemimeniscectomy were performed on the stifle joints of twelve sheep. The two forms of meniscectomy produced a comparable degree of postoperative lameness that resolved within two weeks of the operations. After six months the sheep were euthanatised and the stifle joints examined. Fibrous tissue that replaced the excised meniscus in the total meniscectomy group did not cover as much of the medial tibial condyle as the residual cranial pole and caudal fibrous tissue observed following hemimeniscectomy. The articular cartilage from different regions within the joints was examined for gross and histological evidence of degeneration. Analyses of the articular cartilage for water content, glycosaminoglycan composition and DNA content were performed. The proteoglycan synthesis and release from explanted articular cartilage samples in tissue culture were also measured. There were significant pathological changes in the medial compartment of all meniscectomised joints. The degree of articular cartilage degeneration that was observed following total meniscectomy and caudal pole meniscectomy was similar. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy, involving transection of the meniscus, causes the same degree of degeneration of the stifle joint that occurs following total meniscectomy.The effect of total medial meniscectomy versus caudal pole hemimeniscectomy on the stifle joint of sheep was studied experimentally. Six months after the operations gross pathology, histopathology, cartilage biochemical analysis and the rate of proteoglycan synthesis in tissue culture were used to compare the articular cartilage harvested from the meniscectomised joints. Degeneration of the articular cartilage from the medial compartment of the joints was present in both of the groups. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy induces a comparable degree of articular cartilage degeneration to total medial meniscectomy in the sheep stifle joint.

Experimentally Applied Mechanical Load to the Human Knee Systematically Affects the Morphology of Articular Cartilage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grischa Bratke ◽  
Steffen Willwacher ◽  
David Maintz ◽  
Gert-Peter Brüggemann
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Human Knee
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