Dietary protein and the control of fatty acid synthesis in rat adipose tissue

ABSTRACT The effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1(7–36) amide, (GLP-1(7–36) amide), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), glucagon and insulin on fatty acid synthesis in explants of rat adipose tissue from various sites was investigated. GIP, GLP-1(7–36) amide and insulin stimulated fatty acid synthesis, as determined by measuring the incorporation of [14C]acetate into saponifiable fat, in a dose-dependent manner, over the concentration range 5–15 ng/ml (0·87–2·61 nmol/l) for insulin and 0·5–7·5 ng/ml for GIP (0·10–1·50 nmol/l) and GLP-1(7–36) amide (0·15–2·27 nmol/l). Insulin and GIP caused a significantly greater stimulation of [14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids in omental adipose tissue than in either epididymal or subcutaneous adipose tissue. Both GIP and GLP-1(7–36) amide had the ability to stimulate fatty acid synthesis within the physiological range of the circulating hormones. At lower concentrations of the hormones, GLP-1(7–36) amide was a more potent stimulator of fatty acid synthesis than GIP in omental adipose tissue culture; the basal rate of fatty acid synthesis was 0·41±0·03 pmol acetate incorporated/mg wet weight tissue per 2 h; at 0·10 nmol hormone/l 1·15±0·10 and 3·40±0·12 pmol acetate incorporated/mg wet weight tissue per 2 h for GIP and GLP-1(7–36) amide respectively (P < 0·01). GLP-2 and glucagon were without effect on fatty acid synthesis in omental adipose tissue. The study indicates that GIP and GLP-1(7–36) amide, in addition to stimulating insulin secretion, may play a direct physiological role in vivo, in common with insulin, in promoting fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 267–272

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QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF GLUTAMATE UTILIZATION BY RAT ADIPOSE TISSUE AND LIVER IN VITRO: EFFECT OF PERIODICITY OF EATING

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y66-032 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 275-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gilbert A. Leveille ◽

Richard W. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Krebs Cycle ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Meal Feeding ◽

Rat Adipose Tissue ◽

Relative Differences ◽

Vitro Effect

The activity of two pathways supplying substrate for lipogenesis was enhanced in adipose tissue of meal-fed rats. One of these pathways, the forward pathway, involves the entry of α-ketoglutarate into the mitochondria, and metabolism via the Krebs cycle; the second pathway involves the backward flow of α-ketoglutarate to citrate in the cytoplasm, and cleavage of citrate to supply acetyl-CoA. Meal feeding increased fatty acid synthesis via the forward and backward pathways, but the relative amount of glutamate incorporated into lipid via the backward pathway decreased as a result of meal eating. The relative importance of the backward and forward pathways to the incorporation of α-ketoglutarate into fatty acid appeared to be similar for liver and adipose tissue. Lipogenesis from glutamate was significantly greater in adipose tissue incubated in bicarbonate than in phosphate buffer; however, the relative differences between tissues from meal-fed rats and from those fed ad libitum were similar in the two buffers. The possible importance of the backward pathway in the supply of precursors for fatty acid synthesis is discussed.

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Pathway of carbon flow during fatty acid synthesis from lactate and pyruvate in rat adipose tissue

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39528-6 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 179-191

Author(s):

M.S. PATEL ◽

MIREILLE JOMAIN-BAUM ◽

F.J. BALLARD ◽

RICHARD W. HANSON

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Carbon Flow ◽

Lactate And Pyruvate ◽

Rat Adipose Tissue

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Fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue in relation to whole body synthesis in the cold-acclimated golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism ◽

10.1016/0005-2760(80)90179-4 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 620 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Paul Trayhurn

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Golden Hamster ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Mesocricetus Auratus ◽

Whole Body ◽

Brown Adipose

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Low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases glucose uptake and fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue of rats

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 473-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Suélem Aparecida de França ◽

Maísa Pavani dos Santos ◽

Roger Vinícius Nunes Queiroz da Costa ◽

Mendalli Froelich ◽

Samyra Lopes Buzelle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

High Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Low Protein ◽

Brown Adipose

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Regulation of fatty acid synthesis and malonyl-CoA content in mouse brown adipose tissue in response to cold-exposure, starvation or re-feeding

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2430437 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 243 (2) ◽

pp. 437-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M G Buckley ◽

E A Rath

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acetyl Coa ◽

Malonyl Coa ◽

Brown Adipose

1. The effect of nutritional status on fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue was compared with the effect of cold-exposure. Fatty acid synthesis was measured in vivo by 3H2O incorporation into tissue lipids. The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase and the tissue concentrations of malonyl-CoA and citrate were assayed. 2. In brown adipose tissue of control mice, the tissue content of malonyl-CoA was 13 nmol/g wet wt., higher than values reported in other tissues. From the total tissue water content, the minimum possible concentration was estimated to be 30 microM 3. There were parallel changes in fatty acid synthesis, malonyl-CoA content and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in response to starvation and re-feeding. 4. There was no correlation between measured rates of fatty acid synthesis and malonyl-CoA content and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in acute cold-exposure. The results suggest there is simultaneous fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in brown adipose tissue of cold-exposed mice. This is probably effected not by decreases in the malonyl-CoA content, but by increases in the concentration of free long-chain fatty acyl-CoA or enhanced peroxisomal oxidation, allowing shorter-chain fatty acids to enter the mitochondria independent of carnitine acyltransferase (overt form) activity.

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Fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissues of physically trained rats in vivo

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1983.245.1.e8 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 245 (1) ◽

pp. E8-E13

Author(s):

K. Tokuyama ◽

H. Okuda

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Physical Training ◽

Dark Period ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Free Access ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Brown Adipose

The effect of physical training on fatty acid synthesis in vivo was studied. After the rats had free access to a running wheel for 50 days, the rate of fatty acid synthesis estimated using 3H2O in adipose tissues of trained rats was about three times higher than that of sedentary rats in both the light and dark period. The rate of fatty acid synthesis in the liver but not in the brown adipose tissue was also slightly enhanced by physical training. The number of adipocytes was not affected, but the size of adipocytes was reduced by physical training. In trained rats, the rate of fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes whose diameter was similar to that of sedentary rats was about 10 times higher than that of sedentary rats. Within adipose tissue, the rate of fatty acid synthesis correlated positively to the diameter of adipocytes both in the sedentary and trained rats. These findings mean that the adaptive increase in fatty acid synthesis seen in adipocytes of trained rats is not secondary to the reduction in size of adipocytes.

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