Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of metal cyclopentadienyls IV.13C NMR spectra of σ-cyclopentadienyl compounds of silicon, germanium and tin

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Grishin ◽  
N.M. Sergeyev ◽  
Yu. A. Ustynyuk
2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
А.А. Bakibaev ◽  
◽  
М.Zh. Sadvakassova ◽  
V.S. Malkov ◽  
R.Sh. Еrkasov ◽  
...  

A wide variety of acyclic ureas comprising alkyl, arylalkyl, acyl, and aryl functional groups are investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In general, spectral characteristics of more than 130 substances based on acyclic ureas dissolved in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature are studied. The re-sults obtained based on the studies of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of urea and its N-alkyl-, N-arylalkyl-, N-aryl- and 1,3-diaryl derivatives are presented, and the effect of these functional groups on the chemical shifts in carbonyl and amide moieties in acyclic urea derivatives is discussed. An introduction of any type of substitu-ent (electron-withdrawing or electron-donating) into urea molecule is stated to result in a strong upfield shift in 13C NMR spectra relatively to unsubstituted urea. A strong sensitivity of NH protons to the presence of acyl and aryl groups in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra is pointed out. In some cases, qualitative depend-encies between the chemical shifts in the NMR spectra and the structure of the studied acyclic ureas are re-vealed. A summary of the results on chemical shifts in the NMR spectra of the investigated substances allows determining the ranges of chemical shift variations of the key protons and carbon atoms in acyclic ureas. The literature describing the synthesis procedures are provided. The results obtained significantly expand the methods of reliable identification of biologically active acyclic ureas and their metabolites that makes it promising to use NMR spectroscopy both in biochemistry and in clinical practice.


HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Russo ◽  
J. Williamson ◽  
K. Roberts ◽  
J.R. Wright ◽  
N. Maness

Sugars move through stalks to be deposited in kernels in sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Concentrations of sugars in stalks change as plants pass through developmental stages. To follow such changes, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C-nmr), a technology that can measure concentrations of sugars in tissues, was compared with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A shrunken-2 hybrid (cv. Illini Gold), was monitored from mid-whorl to fresh-market maturity (R3). Internodes near the base of the stalk, just below the ear, and between an ear and the tassel were sampled at each developmental stage. Chemical shifts in C-nmr spectra were measured in parts per million hertz (ppm) down-field relative to tetramethyl silane. Through silk emergence (R1) C-nmr spectra were similar regardless of internode, having line positions between 60 and 105 ppm. Unique lines for glucose, fructose, and sucrose were at 96, 98, and 104 ppm, respectively, and mole fractions were similar to those determined by HPLC. The highest concentrations were recorded at R1 for sucrose (26.1 mg·mL-1), from tasseling (VT) through R3 for fructose (avg. 30.4 mg·mL-1), and from VT to R1 for glucose (avg. 32 mg·mL-1). Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used, with minimal sample handling, to monitor sugar concentrations in sweet corn.


1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (24) ◽  
pp. 3200-3204 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gavin McInnes ◽  
Donald G. Smith ◽  
John A. Walter ◽  
Leo C. Vining ◽  
Jeffrey L. C. Wright

Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of caerulomycin A (1) produced by cultures of Streptomycescaeruleus has shown that [1-13C]acetate labels C-2, C-4, and C-4′, whilst [1,2-13C]acetate enriches these carbons plus C-2′, C-3, C-3′, C-5′, and C-6′. The results establish that acetate is incorporated with little dilution at C-3 and C-4 in the substituted ring of 1, whereas C-2, and C-2′ to C-6′ of the unsubstituted ring, are assembled from lysine via the symmetrical intermediate 2S,6S-diaminopimelic acid. The methoxyl carbon incorporates label from DL-[3-13C]serine, but this precursor does not enrich C-5, C-6, or C-7 of the substituted ring, and the origins of these carbons remain undetermined.


2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Al-Lami ◽  
Baqer Al-Mayahi ◽  
Athir Haddad

Abstract. The synthesis of a family of polymer stars with six arms of varied poly (L-lactide), PLLA, chain length were prepared to have four various L-lactide monomer repeated units (x=10, 25, 50, and 100) of L-lactide with Dipentaerythritol (DPE) cores support six PLLA arms using 1,8-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) as an organocatalyst in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP), which afford systematic control the ROP to synthesize polymer stars of variable molecular weight at room temperature. The proposed polymerization mechanism was driven by hydrogen bonding interaction. This is following the fact that DBU does not cause extensive transesterification of PLLA on the time scale of lactide ROP. The well-defined six-armed stars (PLLA) with a DPE core has been proven by FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), 1H-NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), 13C-NMR (Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), and GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography). The analysis of these six-arm polymers confirmed the expected structure of the obtained star-shaped polymers. The molecular weights of D-PLLAx star polymers linearly increased with the molar ratio of monomer to the initiator, and the molecular weight distribution was narrow (Mw/Mn = 1.09-1.13). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the shape and size of the prepared stars D-PLLAx polymeric nanoparticles may form. The micrographs revealed that the nanoparticles with nearly spherical shapes and with different sizes were gained, but in general, they are less than 100nm in diameters as they developed by the Image-J program which may have a great impact on star properties, The simplicity of the reaction conditions, the ready availability of the catalyst, and the exquisite control over the polymerization are demonstrated.   Resumen. Se reporta la síntesis de una familia de polímeros tipo estrella, los cuales contienen una estructura de seis brazos de unidades de poli (L-lactida), PLLA, de longitud de cadena variada. Los polímeros contienen cuatro diferentes tamaños de unidades repetitivas de monómero de L-lactida (x = 10, 25, 50 y 100), con una coraza de dipentaeritritol (DPE), lo cual implica la formación de un polímero de PLLA conteniendo seis brazos. Se utiliza 1,8-diazabiciclo [5.4.0] undec-7-eno (DBU) como organocatalizador en la polimerización por apertura de anillo (ROP), lo que permite un control sistemático en la polimerización que permite sintetizar polímeros estrellas de peso molecular variable a temperatura ambiente. El mecanismo de polimerización propuesto implica la aceleración de la reacción debido a la formación de enlaces de hidrógeno. Otra ventaja es que el uso de DBU no da lugar a un proceso de transesterificación extenso del PLLA en la escala de tiempo en que ocurre la apertura del anillo de lactida. Los polímeros estrella de seis brazos de PLLA con un núcleo DPE se caracterizaron por FTIR (Espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier), 1H-NMR (Espectroscopía de resonancia magnética nuclear de protones), 13C-NMR (Espectroscopía de resonancia magnética nuclear de carbono), y GPC (cromatografía de permeación en gel). Mediante estas técnicas se corrobora la obtención de polímeros de seis brazos que tienen una estructura en forma de estrella. Los pesos moleculares de los polímeros estrella D-PLLAx aumentaron linealmente con la relación molar de monómero a iniciador, con una distribución de pesos moleculares estrecha (Mw / Mn = 1,09-1,13). El microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM) se utilizó para examinar la forma y el tamaño de las nanopartículas polímericas de D-PLLAx tipo estrella preparados. Las micrografías revelaron que se obtienen nanopartículas con formas casi esféricas y con diferentes tamaños, pero en general, con menos de 100 nm de diámetro, tal y como se deduce del análisis hecho por el programa Image-J, lo que se espera tenga un impacto importante en las propiedades de los polímeros estrella. Este artículo implica la aplicación de un método simple, el uso de un catalizador facilmente disponible y el adecuado control sobre la reacción de la polimerización.


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