Parametric resonance of plates in a sheet metal coating process

2003 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Kim ◽  
N.C. Perkins ◽  
C.W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Parametric Resonance ◽  
Metal Coating ◽  
Coating Process

Nonlinear Vibration of Sheet Metal Plates Under Interacting Parametric and External Excitation During Manufacturing

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Hwan Kim ◽  
Chong-Won Lee ◽  
N. C. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Parametric Resonance ◽  
Parametric Excitation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Cubic Nonlinearity ◽  
External Excitation

This study is motivated by the vibrations that plague coating processes used in the manufacturing of coated sheet metal. These vibrations arise from time-dependent tension fluctuations within the sheet metal plate as well as from the eccentricity of the rollers used to transport the plate. The time-dependent tension is observed to be rather broad-band and creates multi-frequency parametric excitation. By contrast, the roller eccentricity is largely single-frequency (synchronized with the roller speed) and creates single-frequency external excitation. The plate and excitation sources are studied herein using a single-degree-of-freedom model with a cubic nonlinearity, subject to combined parametric and external excitation. In our study, we investigate the resonances that arise from the synergistic effects of multi-frequency parametric excitation and single-frequency external excitation. For the simpler case of single-frequency parametric excitation, we observe both sum and difference combination resonances in addition to principal parametric resonance. For the case of multi-frequency parametric excitation, we observe a frequency shift for the parametric resonance that derives from the cubic nonlinearity and external excitation. Moreover, the phase relationships of the external and each parametric excitation source have a significant effect on the resulting response amplitude. We use these analyses to explain the resonance mechanisms observed in experiments conducted on an example sheet metal coating process.

scholarly journals Proses elektroplating nikel dengan variasi jarak anoda katoda dan tegangan listrik pada baja ST-41

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy Permadi ◽  
Asroni Asroni ◽  
Eko Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Metal Coating ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Nickel Sulphate ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Adhesion Testing ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Electroplating Process

Electroplating process is a coating process where the deposition of a thin metal coating occurs on a coated surface using direct current and constant voltage. The process of finishing metal products uses Nickel as a coating that serves to improve the properties of the metal so that it resists corrosion and attach importance to the appearance of the metal surface. The metal coating process is carried out by electroplating technique with Nickel which occurs as an anode, and electrolyte uses in this process contained Nickel Sulphate. This study aims to determine the effect of distance variations and electrical pressure on layer thickness and adhesive strength. Anode Material coated with ST-41 Steel Plate with dimensions of 70 x 25 x 20 mm. While the cathode uses nickel (Ni) with dimensions of 10 x 20 x 20 mm. Cathode distance variations with anodes 5, 10, and 15 cm and electrical voltage variations of 3.5 Volts, 5 Volts, and 7.5 Volts. Bath time of 40 minutes and adhesion testing using the Posi Test AT-M Adhesion Tester. The results obtained from this study are the distance of the cathode with the best anode found at a distance of 5 cm and a voltage of 7.5 volts with a thickness of 0.0160 mm. Then the best voltage is at 7.5 Volts with a sticky strength value of> 21.53 MPa.Keywords: Electroplating, Nickel, Anode, Cathode, ST-41 Steel.

Nonlinear Vibration of Sheet Metal Plates Under Interacting Parametric and External Excitation During Manufacturing

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Hwan Kim ◽  
Chong-Won Lee ◽  
N. C. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Parametric Resonance ◽  
Parametric Excitation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Cubic Nonlinearity ◽  
External Excitation

This study in motivated by the vibrations that plague coating processes used in the manufacturing of coated sheet metal. These vibrations arise from time-dependent tension fluctuations within the sheet metal plate as well as from the eccentricity of the rollers used to transport the plate. The time-dependent tension is observed to be rather broad-band and creates multi-frequency parametric excitation. By contrast, the roller eccentricity is largely single-frequency (synchronized with the roller speed) and creates single-frequency external excitation. The plate and excitation sources are studied herein using a single-degree-of-freedom model with a cubic nonlinearity, subject to combined parametric and external excitation. In our study, we investigate the resonances that arise from the synergistic effects of multi-frequency parametric excitation and single-frequency external excitation. For the simpler case of single-frequency parametric excitation, we observe both sum and difference combination resonances in addition to principal parametric resonance. For the case of multi-frequency parametric excitation, we observe a frequency shift for the parametric resonance that derives from the cubic nonlinearity and external excitation. Moreover, the phase relationships of the external and each parametric excitation source have a significant effect on the resulting response amplitude. We use these analyses to explain the resonance mechanisms observed in experiments conducted on an example sheet metal coating process.

An Insight in Friction and Wear Mechanisms during Hot Stamping

2018 ◽  
Vol 767 ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Venema ◽  
Javad Hazrati ◽  
David Matthews ◽  
Ton van den Boogaard
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Metal Coating ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Stamping Process

Hot stamping is often used in the automotive industry to combine formability and strength. However, during forming process at high temperatures, friction and tool wear are determining factors that can affect the efficiency of the whole process. The goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of temperature on the local coefficient of friction and tool wear and to provide an insight in the phenomena which take place at the tool-sheet metal interface during hot stamping processes. For this purpose, hot friction draw tests between uncoated tool steel and Al-Si coated press hardening steel were carried out at several temperatures between 500-700°C. Consecutive tests were performed to mimic industrial hot stamping process and to investigate the effect of tool wear on the friction phenomenon. Finally, tool-sheet metal tribological behavior and the interaction between the friction and tool wear mechanisms were analyzed using different imaging and chemical characterization techniques. The results show that several stages can be distinguished at the interface between tool and sheet metal coating during hot stamping: flattening due to initial normal contact, ploughing of tool asperities through coating, secondary ploughing in the coating by adhered material on the tooling, and abrasive wear in the tool by embedded particles in the sheet metal coating. Furthermore, tool wear shows some major differences in the temperature range of 500-700°C. At high temperature a larger abrasive area and more severe compaction galling occurs that can be explained by material properties of Al-Si coating at elevated temperatures. The results of this study can be used for more efficient process design and a more realistic modelling of the hot stamping process.

Development of MgO–C Refractory Having High Oxidation Resistance by Metal Coating Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 514-517
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Kim ◽  
Geon-Ho Cho ◽  
Hyung-Tea Lim ◽  
Yun-Ki Byeun ◽  
Yeon-Gil Jung
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Metal Coating ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
High Oxidation ◽  
High Oxidation Resistance

scholarly journals Pengaruh pH dan Tegangan Listrik dalam Elektrolisis Limbah Padat Baja (Slag Eaf) Sebagai Upaya Mereduksi Kandungan Logam Fe pada Limbah Padat Industri Galvanis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Wirda Udaibah ◽  
Malikhatul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Metal Coating ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Electrolysis Process ◽  
Variable Voltage ◽  
Level Analysis

<em>Galvanization is a metal coating process that is widely used in industry. The effects of this metal coating process are not entirely beneficial to society. The issue of pollution generated by the metal coating activity becomes very important. The objective of this research is to reduce Fe metal content from solid waste steel using electrolysis process with variation of pH of electrolyte solution and voltage. This research uses experimental method with test of metal content composition using X-Ray Flouresence, and Fe metal reduction using electrolysis process. This research activity used stainless steel plate as cathode and solid steel waste chunk as anode. Variations of pH of FeSO<sub>4</sub>.7H<sub>2</sub>O electrolyte solution used during electrolysis process are pH = 2, pH = 2.5, pH = 3, pH = 3.5 and pH = 4. Variation of electric voltage used is 3 volts, 6 volts, 9 volts and 12 volts. The result of purity level analysis of the initial Fe metal at anode was 84,48 %, while after electrolysis process there was an increase of metal purity attached to the cathode of 96,58 %. The result showed that the effect of pH variation of the electrolyte solution on the mass produced in the electrolysis process in the A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2</sub>, A<sub>3</sub>, A<sub>4</sub> and A<sub>5</sub> samples was 0,09; 0,07; 0,02; 0,02; and 0,02 g. The greater the concentration of H<sup>+</sup> of the electrolyte solution the more mass produced. In variable voltage of electricity on samples A<sub>11</sub>, A<sub>21</sub>, and A<sub>31</sub> mass produced that is equal to 0,14; 0,13; and 0,10 g. While the mass of A<sub>41</sub> sample did not increase in the cathode produced during the electrolysis process. The greater the voltage used in the electrolysis process the greater the mass produced.</em>

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