Black Boxes Added To Labels for Elidel And Protopic

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
DEEANNA FRANKLIN
Keyword(s):  
Black Boxes

Geophysics - taking the magic out of black boxes

Waterlines ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Black Boxes

VLSI for Space Applications—Single Event Effect Investigation and Optical Analysis on an Integrated Laser Platform

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Chef ◽  
Chung Tah Chua ◽  
Yu Wen Siah ◽  
Philippe Perdu ◽  
Chee Lip Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Laser Probing ◽  
Single Event Effect ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
System Use ◽  
First Time

Abstract Today’s VLSI devices are neither designed nor manufactured for space applications in which single event effects (SEE) issues are common. In addition, very little information about the internal schematic and usually nothing about the layout or netlist is available. Thus, they are practically black boxes for satellite manufacturers. On the other hand, such devices are crucial in driving the performance of spacecraft, especially smaller satellites. The only way to efficiently manage SEE in VLSI devices is to localize sensitive areas of the die, analyze the regions of interest, study potential mitigation techniques, and evaluate their efficiency. For the first time, all these activities can be performed using the same tool with a single test setup that enables a very efficient iterative process that reduce the evaluation time from months to days. In this paper, we will present the integration of a pulsed laser for SEE study into a laser probing, laser stimulation, and emission microscope system. Use of this system will be demonstrated on a commercial 8 bit microcontroller.

The AI Delusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Real ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Real Danger ◽  
The Way

We live in an incredible period in history. The Computer Revolution may be even more life-changing than the Industrial Revolution. We can do things with computers that could never be done before, and computers can do things for us that could never be done before. But our love of computers should not cloud our thinking about their limitations. We are told that computers are smarter than humans and that data mining can identify previously unknown truths, or make discoveries that will revolutionize our lives. Our lives may well be changed, but not necessarily for the better. Computers are very good at discovering patterns, but are useless in judging whether the unearthed patterns are sensible because computers do not think the way humans think. We fear that super-intelligent machines will decide to protect themselves by enslaving or eliminating humans. But the real danger is not that computers are smarter than us, but that we think computers are smarter than us and, so, trust computers to make important decisions for us. The AI Delusion explains why we should not be intimidated into thinking that computers are infallible, that data-mining is knowledge discovery, and that black boxes should be trusted.

Introduction: Subjects and Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Moral Criticism ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Private Corporations ◽  
Moral Questions

The Introduction sets out the problem this book addresses: organizations, in which individuals seem to be nothing but ‘cogs’, have become extremely powerful, while being apparently immune to moral criticism. Organizations—from public bureaucracies to universities, police departments, and private corporations—have specific features that they share qua organizations. They need to be opened up for normative theorizing, rather than treated as ‘black boxes’ or as elements of a ‘system’ in which moral questions have no place. The Introduction describes ‘social philosophy’ as an approach that addresses questions at the meso-level of social life, and situates it in relation to several strands of literature in moral and political philosophy. It concludes by providing a preview of the chapters of the book.

scholarly journals Legal and Technical Feasibility of the GDPR’s Quest for Explanation of Algorithmic Decisions: of Black Boxes, White Boxes and Fata Morganas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja BRKAN ◽  
Grégory BONNET
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Automated Decision Making

Understanding of the causes and correlations for algorithmic decisions is currently one of the major challenges of computer science, addressed under an umbrella term “explainable AI (XAI)”. Being able to explain an AI-based system may help to make algorithmic decisions more satisfying and acceptable, to better control and update AI-based systems in case of failure, to build more accurate models, and to discover new knowledge directly or indirectly. On the legal side, the question whether the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides data subjects with the right to explanation in case of automated decision-making has equally been the subject of a heated doctrinal debate. While arguing that the right to explanation in the GDPR should be a result of interpretative analysis of several GDPR provisions jointly, the authors move this debate forward by discussing the technical and legal feasibility of the explanation of algorithmic decisions. Legal limits, in particular the secrecy of algorithms, as well as technical obstacles could potentially obstruct the practical implementation of this right. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the authors explore not only whether it is possible to translate the EU legal requirements for an explanation into the actual machine learning decision-making, but also whether those limitations can shape the way the legal right is used in practice.

Symptoms as Black Boxes: Time to Look Inside the Box

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262198972
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Wilshire ◽  
Tony Ward ◽  
Samuel Clack
Keyword(s):  
Black Box ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Core Questions

In our original article (this issue, p. ♦♦♦), we argued that focusing research on individual symptoms of psychopathology might provide valuable information about their underlying nature and result in better classification systems, explanations, and treatment. To this end, we formulated five core questions that were intended to guide subsequent research and symptom conceptualizations in the psychopathology domain. In this article, we respond to two commentaries on our article. We conclude that it is time to open the black box of symptoms and to take seriously their status as complex constructs.

scholarly journals Optimizing Designs Containing Black Boxes

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Hung Liu ◽  
K. Sajid ◽  
A. Aziz ◽  
V. Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Black Boxes

Task parameters affecting human physical ability and willingness to lift: An ecological approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
Krystyna Gielo-Perczak ◽  
David Moxley ◽  
David Rodrick
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Task Parameters ◽  
Ability And Willingness

The objective of this study was to analyze human perception of load heaviness in manual material handling tasks under varying task parameters taking into consideration participants' physical ability and willingness to lift loads. These conditions were: 1) box color, 2) instruction set, and 3) space confinement. The effect of each parameter on the maximum acceptable weight that people are willing to lift was investigated. This study showed that the box color significantly affects a participant's perception of weight. The average maximum acceptable weight participants were willing to lift was higher for the black boxes than for the white boxes in both open and constrained spaces. When using the white boxes, the maximum acceptable weight participants were willing to lift was smaller in the confined space than in the open space. This study introduces an ecological approach to manual handling tasks and proposes the paradigm of maximum acceptable weight of load (MAWL) to the maximum loads that people perceive they are able and willing to lift (MLWL).

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