PENDIDIKAN POLITIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN DAN HADITS

Islam is a perfect religion that not only regulates ritualistic relationships between humans and their creators, but Islam is a comprehensive religion that regulates all aspects of human life both spiritually and physically, as well as regulates human affairs in social life and lays down the principles of the nation and state. State, including matters related to politics, power and government, political education, in political Islam known as siyasa which studies matters concerning matters concerning the affairs of the people and the state with all forms of law, regulation, and policies made by the holder of power. The Qur'an also uses the term Sulthan, "Physical ability to exercise influence and or coercion on other people or society" Mulk, "Power as an object of right (ownership)", and bukm "Organizing order in human life. What is more discussed is related to the principles of leadership where humans are the main subject and at the same time the object in politics. These principles are deliberation, trustworthiness, fair dealing, leadership is responsibility, leaders must not deceive their people, leaders do not do wrong to their people, leaders must pay attention to the condition of the Islamic Ummah (welfare), leaders must act fairly in governing, leaders love their people and their people love him, positions because they are trusted are mandated not requested. This research is a research library (library research).

Different change of direction tests assess different physical ability parameters: Principal component analysis of nine change of direction tests

Change of direction (CoD) ability is critical for the success of athletes in many sports. The purpose of this study was to perform a principal component analysis using 9 CoD tests in order to reveal possible subcomponents of CoD ability, which could aid practitioners in test selection. Male and female kinesiology students (n = 76) performed all CoD tests and a 30-m sprint test in a quasi-randomized, counterbalanced order. Three components for males and two components for females were extracted from principle component analysis (variance explained = 82.3 and 71.4%, respectively). It seems that the CoD test should be subdivided into at least two components: a) “pure CoD tests” (such as 505 test, T-test and 180° turn) and maneuverability tests (such as AFL run, Illinois test and Figure of Eight test). Considering that different factors seem to underlie CoD and maneuverability, our findings have important practical implications for training design. If hopping/jumping CoD is important for a given athlete, it should also be tested separately.

Validity of the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children: An Actigraphic Study

This study aimed to provide evidence of the validity of the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children against an external-objective criterion of the 24 h motor activity pattern assessed through actigraphy. A total of 107 children (60 females; mean age 10.25 ± 0.48) were originally enrolled. Children wore the actigraph model Actiwatch AW64 (Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd., Fenstanton, UK) for seven days, 24 h per day, around the non-dominant wrist. At the beginning of the actigraphic recording, participants filled in the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children. Functional Linear Modeling was used to examine variation in the 24 h motor activity pattern according to the total score in the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children. Higher physical self-efficacy was significantly related to greater levels of motor activity in the afternoon. Overall, this pattern of results supports the validity of the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children against the external-objective criterion of the 24 h motor pattern. The Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children could represent a promising endpoint for studies assessing the effectiveness of physical activity promotion interventions.

The relationship between energy expenditure and physical functions in patients hospitalised for stroke

We assessed the relationship between energy expenditure (EE) and Functional Independence Measure motor items (FIM-M) score, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score, and comfortable walking speed (CWS) in patients hospitalised for stroke. The total EE per day (TEE), EE during rehabilitation (REE), and EE during activities other than rehabilitation (OEE) were measured using a single-axis acceleration sensor in 36 patients hospitalised for the first stroke episode. In addition, the relationships between each type of EE and FIM-M, BBS, and CWS were investigated. In these patients (mean age 66.2 ± 10.6 years), the median values of TEE, REE, and OEE were 41.8 kcal, 18.5 kcal, and 16.6 kcal, respectively. Correlations were observed between each EE type and all physical function indices. Following the stratification of patients into two groups (high and low) based on the level of physical function, a significant correlation between EE type and physical function was observed only in the low BBS group. EE was correlated with overall physical function indices, but the trend differed depending on physical ability. When patients were stratified based on ability, there were several groups with no significant correlation. Therefore, several patients were unable to achieve an appropriate EE for their level of physical function.

Volcanologists - Who are we and where are we going?

Equality, diversity and inclusivity (EDI) are principles all scientific groups and organisations should strive to achieve as they secure working conditions, policies and practices that not only promote high-quality scientific output but also well-being in their communities. In this article, we reflect on the progress of EDI in volcanology by presenting data related to memberships of international volcanology organisations, positions on volcanology committees, volcanology awards and lead-authorship on volcanology papers. The sparse demographic data available means our analysis focuses mainly on gender identity discrimination, but we also show that discrimination related to ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, physical ability and socio-economic background is also occurring, with the intersection of these discriminations further exacerbating marginalisation within the volcanology community. We share suggestions and recommendations from other disciplines on how individuals, research groups and organisations can promote, develop, and implement new initiatives to call out and tackle discrimination and advance EDI in the volcanological community.

Could Self-Control and Emotion Influence Physical Ability and Functional Recovery after Stroke?

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to determine whether self-control and emotions could influence patients’ physical ability and functional recovery after stroke. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients within eight weeks after a stroke were included in this study (age: 54.04 ± 10.31; days after stroke: 42.66 ± 8.84). The subjects participated in tests at the baseline, four weeks later, and eight weeks later. Subjects were asked to complete the following: (1) self-control level test, (2) positive and negative emotion test, (3) knee muscle strength testing, (4) static balance test, (5) gait measurement, and (6) activities of daily living evaluation. Results: The muscle strength of the knee, static balance, gait ability, and the Functional Independence Measure score increased significantly in the stroke patients over time. A significant correlation was noted between the emotion and physical variables in stroke patients. The self-control level was significantly associated with the change in the physical variables in stroke patients over time. Conclusions: The self-control level was positively related to the increases in functional recovery of stroke patients with time, while the emotions were related more to the physical abilities.

DYNAMICS OF CHANGING PHYSICAL ABILITY AND FUNCTIONAL VALUE IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS IN TRAINING CYCLES

This article presents the results of pedagogical experiments on the dynamics of changes in physical performance and functional value in the training cycles of volleyball players.

Performative Function of Voice in Early Speech Acts

This study is aimed at the early practice of speech (or speech acts) as a functional tool in performative constructions, which can be considered as an integral part of the cultural heart and the reflection of an important semantic and pragmatic connection between the intentions and actions in mythical thinking. This way of thinking created images on the interpretation of the world as a system determined by supreme forces (gods). Communication of people with higher forces as an early speech practice of Indo-European cultures is traced in ancient prayers, rituals, incantations, spells, etc. They not only reflect the fixed language formulae which are a base of a cultural matrix but also offer a whole picture of the mythical thinking functioning. The following fundamental cultural phenomena are noted: the power of the word, as a primary vocal image; the act of assigning a name as giving birth to a creature (what is not named, does not exist), voice as a ritual constitutive force in prayers, and in the tabooing. The study of performative constructions in ancient Indo-European language data (Avesta, Upanishads, Edda, Old /New Testaments, Old Church Slavonic, and Anglo-Saxon spells) has revealed a strong relation of the functional power of voice to the ritual actions, which reflect in the traditional performative constructions - first person singular verbs: 1) prayers - I pray, I ask; 2) naming - I name, I give a name; 3) actions taken during incantation - I stretch out [my hands], I order; 4) and also the representation of voice as a divine being, which reflects in the concept of true godly knowledge and corresponds with the physical ability to attract attention and ask to follow with voice. In early performative practice, to legitimize the action it must be followed with words said out loud properly. And this interdependent phenomenon forms the heart of culture.

Experiment on the Training Mode of College Students’ Physical Ability in Traditional Medical Health Sports Courses

Objectives: Sports is a highly competitive sport, and the intensity of college students in the process of capacity development is also very large, which is easy to cause physical damage. Methods: Therefore, it is necessary to establish a set of medical and health curriculum model, observing the various links in the process of cultivating students’ ability. Results: Through the automatic analysis of the computer system, the changes of college students are reflected in the form of data, so as to standardize the rationality and security of the ability training of college students. Conclusion: In the test of the medical and health care model, through the comparative test experiment and the phased input test, the physical ability of college students has improved significantly, which proves that the medical and health care physical education curriculum has obvious effect.