Induced emissions of apple fruit volatiles by the codling moth: changing patterns with different time periods after infestation and different larval instars

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Hern ◽  
Silvia Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Fruit Volatiles ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Time Periods

CODLING MOTH POPULATIONS UNDER NATURAL, INTEGRATED, AND CHEMICAL CONTROL ON APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. MacLellan
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Degree Of Isolation ◽  
Artificial Control

AbstractCodling moth populations on natural apple fruit trees scattered throughout Nova Scotia are compared with those in commercial orchards. In natural fruit, failure of crop, crop size, degree of isolation, amount of crowding by native trees, and natural enemies determine the level of codling moth numbers. Young commercial orchards require artificial control measures within a few years of first bearing fruit to prevent severe crop losses. In older commercial orchards natural controls require an occasional assist by chemical treatment to contain the codling moth below economically tolerable levels. Such treatment is applied to interfere as little as possible with known natural controls.

A PLUM VOLATILE, 1-NONANOL: AN OPPOSITIONAL DETERRENT FOR CODLING MOTH

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Y. Yokoyama ◽  
Gina T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Preliminary Testing ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Fruit Volatiles ◽  
Ovipositional Behavior ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Deterrent Activity

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is a major pest of apples, pears, and certain stone fruits and tree nuts. Alternatives to conventional insecticides are needed to manage codling moth infestations in the field and after harvest. In an earlier evaluation of codling moth ovipositional behavior on stone fruits, “Queen Ann” plums were found to be highly acceptable (Yokoyama and Miller 1988). We present preliminary testing of plum fruit volatiles for effect on the ovipositional behavior of codling moth, with emphasis on the ovipositional deterrent activity of 1-nonanol.

DOSAGE RESPONSE OF THE STAGES OF CODLING MOTH, LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), TO FUMIGATION WITH METHYL BROMIDE

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Gaunce ◽  
H. F. Madsen ◽  
R. D. McMullen ◽  
J. W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella

AbstractProbit analysis of the dosage response of codling moth stages to methyl bromide indicated that adults were most, and pupae, least susceptible. Eggs were more resistant than cocooned larvae which were more resistant than larvae in fruit. There were no differences in susceptibility of the larval instars to methyl bromide. The rate recommended to kill larvae in fruit (32 g/m3 for 2 h) also killed eggs.

PRELIMINARY ORCHARD TESTS ON CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH LARVAE BY A GRANULOSIS VIRUS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1079-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques ◽  
C. R. MacLellan ◽  
K. H. Sanford ◽  
M. D. Proverbs ◽  
E. A. C. Hagley
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella

AbstractApple orchard tests in 1974, 1975, and 1976 showed that applications of granulosis virus reduced deep-entry damage by larvae of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), to apple fruit at harvest by 55 to 96% compared with damage to fruit on nontreated check trees. Sting or shallow-entry injury was usually higher on virus-sprayed trees than on check trees presumably because larvae were killed by the virus soon after entry into the apple.

scholarly journals Effect of Changing Patterns and Requirements of Endoscopic Training in Surgical Residency

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Gokulakkrishna Subhas ◽  
Takunda Mugwisi ◽  
Vijay K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Surgical Residency ◽  
National Accreditation ◽  
Endoscopic Training ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Time Periods

This study aimed at looking at the effect of changing patterns and requirements of endoscopic training in surgical residency. Recognizing the increasing role of endoscopy, the minimum required scope number was increased to 85 (including at least 35 esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) and 50 colonoscopies) for graduates completing their program in June 2009. The purpose of our study was to see how this new requirement affected the endoscopic performance of residents. A retrospective study was done examining the performance of residents, based on data from the national Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) logs from 1990–2010. For graduating residents, we compared data for various procedures from 1990–2008 to 2009–2010. For colonoscopies, the average increased from 32 to 63. Increases were also found in their chief year, from 7 to 18.8. For EGD, the average increased from 25 to 34. In their chief year, the average more than doubled from 4.4 to 9.7. There were no increases for other endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), bronchoscopies, and cystoscopies between the 2 time periods. When an increased requirement for endoscopy was instituted by the ACGME, there was an increase in the number of colonoscopies and EGD performed by the graduating residents, although there was no difference in the numbers of other scopes (e.g., cystoscopes, bronchoscopes, and ERCP) for the same time period.

scholarly journals Bagging Apple Fruit for Codling Moth Control in Western Montana

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rachel Leisso ◽  
Bridgid Jarrett ◽  
Katrina Mendrey ◽  
Zachariah Miller
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Second Year

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is a major insect pest of apple (Malus domestica). If unmanaged, then codling moth can infest nearly all apples in an orchard, where the flesh-tunneling larva leave frass-laden tracks in the fruit. Insecticide-based management requires accurate application timing (typically based on adult moth and/or degree-day monitoring) and multiple spray applications. Both the season-long commitment to codling moth monitoring and management and limited familiarity with insecticides, application tools, and proper application procedures can prevent a small-scale or backyard grower from effectively limiting fruit damage. In addition, an increasing segment of growers is interested in nonchemical alternatives. Bagging fruitlets early in the season could be a simple and effective method of codling moth management for this subset of growers. At our research orchard in Corvallis, MT, we tested a method combining fruit thinning and bagging using plastic bags the first season and nylon bags the second season. Plastic bags reduced the incidence of codling moth damage to fruit from 34% to 10%, but european earwig (Forficula auricularia) frass, which was found in more than 50% of plastic-bagged apples, made harvesting the fruit unappealing. We tested nylon fruit bags during the second year of the study. These bags did not significantly reduce the incidence of codling moth. Both the soluble solids content and titratable acidity were higher in unbagged fruit during the second year of the study, whereas color measurements indicated bagged fruit were greener on the shaded side of the fruit. Failure of the nylon bags may have been attributable to eggs laid before bagging, eggs laid or larva burrowing through bagging, or improper bag application methods. Further research could assess whole-tree bags, the addition of rubber bands or twist ties when applying nylon bags, pretreatment of fruit with horticulture oil, and/or dipping nylon bags in kaolin clay before application; however, these steps add time and increase costs, which may discourage the small-scale fruit grower. Overall, results indicate that fruit bagging holds promise for codling moth management; however, further work is needed to optimize the methodology.

scholarly journals Effects of Postharvest Delay before Application on Responses of Apple to 1-MCP

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 846D-846
Author(s):  
Chris B. Watkins* ◽  
Jacqueline F. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Apple Quality ◽  
Storage Type

Most information about the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on apple fruit that is available in the literature involves its application immediately after harvest. However, depending on the storage facility, fruit may be treated within a few days of harvest, especially if destined for rapid CA storage, or after longer time periods. We have investigated the effects of: 1) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 d delays before 1-MCP treatment on `McIntosh', `Cortland', `Jonagold', `Empire' and `Delicious' apple quality stored in air for 2 and 4 months, and in CA for 4 and 8 months; and 2) 1, 7, 14, and 21 d delays on `Cortland', `Jonagold', `Empire' and `Delicious' apple quality stored in CA for 5 months. `McIntosh' and `Empire' apples were harvested at two maturities. Our data show that responses of apple cultivars to 1-MCP can be affected by delay treatments, but that within each cultivar, these effects vary according to harvest maturity, storage type, and length of storage.

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