Mendelian transmission, transgene dosage and growth phenotype in transgenic tilapia (Oreochromis hornorum) showing ectopic expression of homologous growth hormone

Aquaculture ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 173 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Martı́nez ◽  
Amilcar Arenal ◽  
Mario Pablo Estrada ◽  
Fidel Herrera ◽  
Vivian Huerta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Growth Phenotype ◽  
Transgenic Tilapia ◽  
Mendelian Transmission

scholarly journals Ghrelin and Des-Acyl Ghrelin Promote Differentiation and Fusion of C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 986-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Filigheddu ◽  
Viola F. Gnocchi ◽  
Marco Coscia ◽  
Miriam Cappelli ◽  
Paolo E. Porporato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogue ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin

Ghrelin is an acylated peptidyl gastric hormone acting on the pituitary and hypothalamus to stimulate appetite, adiposity, and growth hormone release, through activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)-1a receptor. Moreover, ghrelin features several activities such as inhibition of apoptosis, regulation of differentiation, and stimulation or inhibition of proliferation of several cell types. Ghrelin acylation is absolutely required for both GHSR-1a binding and its central endocrine activities. However, the unacylated ghrelin form, des-acyl ghrelin, which does not bind GHSR-1a and is devoid of any endocrine activity, is far more abundant than ghrelin in plasma, and it shares with ghrelin some of its cellular activities. Inhere we show that both ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin stimulate proliferating C2C12 skeletal myoblasts to differentiate and to fuse into multinucleated myotubes in vitro through activation of p38. Consistently, both ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit C2C12 proliferation in growth medium. Moreover, the ectopic expression of ghrelin in C2C12 enhances differentiation and fusion of these myoblasts in differentiation medium. Finally, we show that C2C12 cells do not express GHSR-1a, but they do contain a common high-affinity binding site recognized by both acylated and des-acylated ghrelin, suggesting that the described activities on C2C12 are likely mediated by this novel, yet unidentified receptor for both ghrelin forms.

scholarly journals Columnar growth phenotype in apple results from gibberellin deficiency by ectopic expression of a dioxygenase gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205-1216
Author(s):  
Kazuma Okada ◽  
Masato Wada ◽  
Yumiko Takebayashi ◽  
Mikiko Kojima ◽  
Hitoshi Sakakibara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Columnar Growth ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Growth Phenotype ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Lateral Branches

Abstract The apple cultivar McIntosh Wijcik, which is a mutant of ‘McIntosh’, exhibits a columnar growth phenotype (short internodes, few lateral branches, many spurs, etc.) that is controlled by a dominant Co gene. The candidate gene (MdDOX-Co), encoding a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is located adjacent to an insertion mutation. Non-columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the roots, whereas columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts as well as in the roots. However, the function of MdDOX-Co remains unknown. Here, we characterized tobacco plants overexpressing MdDOX-Co. The tobacco plants showed the typical dwarf phenotype, which was restored by application of gibberellin A3 (GA3). Moreover, the dwarf tobacco plants had low concentrations of endogenous bioactive gibberellin A1 (GA1) and gibberellin A4 (GA4). Similarly, ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ contained low endogenous GA4 concentration and its dwarf traits (short main shoot and internodes) were partially reversed by GA3 application. These results indicate that MdDOX-Co is associated with bioactive GA deficiency. Interestingly, GA3 application to apple trees also resulted in an increased number of lateral branches and a decrease in flower bud number, indicating that gibberellin (GA) plays important roles in regulating apple tree architecture by affecting both lateral branch formation (vegetative growth) and flower bud formation (reproductive growth). We propose that a deficiency of bioactive GA by ectopic expression of MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts of columnar apples not only induces dwarf phenotypes but also inhibits lateral branch development and promotes flower bud formation, and assembly of these multiple phenotypes constructs the columnar tree form.

scholarly journals Detection of Transgene in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
PC Ray ◽  
MS Alam ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Transgenic Tilapia

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique using specific primer can be used to detect transgenes. The present study was undertaken to detect salmon growth hormone (GH) gene in transgenic tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by PCR. DNA was extracted from F1 Tilapia generated by crossing transgenic parents. Two primers were designed to amplify a part of the region of GH gene sequence, which was used to make transgenic tilapia. To confirm the specificity of the selected primer, PCR was performed on diluted DNAs, extracted from tilapia fin tissues. GH transgene sequences (1500 bp) were successfully amplified from transgenic fish in this study. The specificity of the primers was found to be high in detecting the salmon GH transgenes. The PCR-based method therefore, could be used for fast and easy screening of transgenic fish for this gene.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 47-49 2015

Growth Efficiency in Transgenic Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Carrying a Single Copy of an Homologous cDNA Growth Hormone

2000 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martínez ◽  
J. Juncal ◽  
C. Zaldívar ◽  
A. Arenal ◽  
I. Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Transgenic Tilapia

Expression of endogenous and exogenous growth hormone (GH) messenger (m) RNA in a GH-transgenic tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Caelers ◽  
Norman Maclean ◽  
Gyulin Hwang ◽  
Elisabeth Eppler ◽  
Manfred Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Transgenic Tilapia

scholarly journals Deletion of an enhancer in FGF5 is associated with ectopic expression in goat hair follicles and the cashmere growth phenotype

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yefang Li ◽  
Shen Song ◽  
Xuexue Liu ◽  
Yanli Zhang ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Locus ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Indel Mutation ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Growth Phenotype

AbstractResearch on cashmere growth has a significant effect on the production of cashmere and a profound influence on cashmere goat breeding. Whole-genome sequencing is a powerful platform to rapidly gain novel insights into the identification of genetic mechanisms underlying cashmere fiber growth. Here, we generated whole-genome sequences of 115 domestic goats from China, Nepal and Pakistan, including 51 cashmere goats and 64 non-cashmere goats. We found genetically distinct clusters according to their geographic locations but genetic admixture or introgression may have occurred between the Chinese and Nepalese goats. We identified that the fibroblast growth factor 5 gene (FGF5) shows a strong signature for positive selection in the cashmere goat. The 505-bp indel variant at the FGF5 gene locus appeared to be strongly associated with cashmere growth. Functional validation showed that the insertion variant may serve as an enhancer for transcription factor binding, resulting in increased transcription of the upstream FGF5 gene in non-cashmere goats. Our study provides useful information for the sustainable utilization and improved conservation of goat genetic resources and demonstrates that the indel mutation in the FGF5 gene could potentially serve as a molecular marker of cashmere growth in cashmere goat breeding.Author summaryCashmere goats have been selected for thousands of years and have become economically significant livestock in China and other central Asian countries. The mechanism of cashmere growth is not well understood because most studies have focused on the investigation of candidate genes. Here, we conducted a comprehensive whole-genome analysis for selection signatures in a total of 115 goats from 15 genetically diverse goat breeds. The results revealed a strong selection signature at the FGF5 gene locus associated with the cashmere growth phenotype. A 505-bp indel was located in the downstream region of FGF5 and significantly separated in the cashmere goats versus non-cashmere goats. Functional effect analysis of the indel revealed that it may act as an enhancer by specifically binding transcription factors to mediate quantitative changes in FGF5 mRNA expression. Our study illustrates how a structural mutation of the FGF5 gene has contributed to the cashmere growth phenotype in domestic goats.

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