Testicular thermoregulation in Bos indicus, crossbred and Bos taurus bulls: relationship with scrotal, testicular vascular cone and testicular morphology, and effects on semen quality and sperm production

Indigenous bull breeds attain puberty late in life when compared to the breeds of <italic>Bos taurus</italic>. Cross breeding between <italic>Bos taurus</italic> and <italic>Bos indicus</italic> has decreased the age at puberty and increased the total semen production period of bulls. However, some of the drawbacks like impaired semen production, poor libido, and low freezability are common among the crossbred bulls in India. Leydig and Sertoli cells are the most important non–germinal cells of testes that are essential for sperm production. The development and differentiation of these testicular cells occurs during postnatal period in bull calves and are dependent on the transient rise in gonadotropins, insulin–like growth factor 1 (IGF–1), and other growth factors. Administration of gonadotropins or gonadotropin–releasing hormone (GnRH) before the transient rise initiates the multiplication of Leydig and Sertoli cells, and results in hastened onset of sexual maturity, increased testicular weight, sperm output, and number of germ cells. Supplementation of high–energy diet during the period of 2–6 months is essential as it increases the IGF–1 release that further acts to release GnRH and development of testicular non–germinal cells. This review highlights some of the developments made with respect to regulation of postnatal development of testes, early detection of fertility, and ways to augment the sperm production capacity.

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Effect of Non-genetic Factors on Semen Quality Traits of Crossbred Holstein Friesian Bulls (Bos taurus X Bos indicus) in Organized Farming Conditions at Tamil Nadu, India

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.370 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 3219-3229

Author(s):

A. Gopinathan ◽

S.N. Sivaselvam ◽

S.M.K. Karthickeyan ◽

K. Kulasekar ◽

J. John Kirubaharan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Holstein Friesian

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in KiSS1 gene and its association with semen quality in Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3342 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

P. , , Divya ◽

K. P. Ramesha ◽

Ragini Kumari ◽

Arun Pratap Singh ◽

D. N. Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bos Taurus ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Direct Sequencing ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Coding Regions ◽

Acrosome Integrity ◽

Live Sperm

Selection of high fertile bulls with the help of marker assisted selection has gained importance in recent years. The low heritability of fertility traits hampers improvement of these traits by conventional selection based on phenotypic records. No information is available on the role of SNPs in KiSS1 gene in cattle on semen quality parameters in bovines. KiSS1 genes code for Kisspeptin, which are essential upstream regulators of neurons secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone and play crucial role in reproduction.The coding regions along with exon-intron boundaries of KiSS1 gene, was characterized using PCR-SSCP method and direct sequencing. Two genotypes were observed which were represented as SSCP pattern 1 and pattern 2 and found to carry one SNPs (T153C) and one insertion of G at 291_292bp. The bulls with pattern 2 were heterozygous with respect to the transition T153C and pattern1 bulls were homozygous with TT genotype. The transition was predicted to cause amino acid change from Valine to Alanine. The frequency of bulls with pattern1 and pattern 2 were 0.67 and 0.33 in 67 Holstein Friesian bulls and 0.73 and 0.27 in 13 Khillari bulls. The association study of genotypes with semen quality parameters revealed significant association of genotypes with acrosome integrity in fresh semen (P less than 0.05) and no association with sperm concentration, volume per ejaculate, percent live sperm and Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test (HOST) with higher acrosome integrity in bulls with pattern2. Upon validation of the results in larger population and identifying the exact role of the novel SNP T153C and insertion of G at 291_292bp, they could be incorporated in selection programme for improving fertility in bulls.as markers for acrosome integrity in cattle.

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Differences between reproductive traits in beef bulls used for multiple-sire breeding under range conditions

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas-2014-011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 647-652

Author(s):

C. C. Brauner ◽

L. M. Menezes ◽

J. S. Lemes ◽

M. A. Pimentel

Keyword(s):

Bos Taurus ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Spermatozoa Motility ◽

Scrotal Circumference ◽

Beef Bulls

Brauner, C. C., Menezes, L. M., Lemes, J. S. and Pimentel, M. A. 2014. Differences between reproductive traits in beef bulls used for multiple-sire breeding under range conditions. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 647–652. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive traits (scrotal circumference and semen quality) of different breeds of beef bulls used for multiple-sire breeding under range conditions, as well as to verify the relation between four sperm concentration scores and the reproductive traits of beef bulls. Two hundred and one bulls of three different breeds (Angus, Nelore and Brangus) and three different age groups (18, 24 and 36 mo old) were evaluated. Angus showed better (P>0.05) reproductive traits than Brangus and Nelore bulls, in which scrotal circumference, mass motility spermatozoa, motility spermatozoa, as well as spermatic vigor were greater than those of other breeds. Two-year-old bulls demonstrated better reproductive traits as compared with the other age groups. The sperm concentration score had a linear effect (P<0.01) on all reproductive traits evaluated, and the same evidence was also detected for body weight. It was concluded that genetic groups should be considered differently for multiple-sire breeding under range conditions, especially because Bos taurus and Bos indicus have significant reproductive trait differences. Moreover, the sperm concentration score can be used as an auxiliary method of semen quality in beef bulls, having a positive relation with other breeding soundness evaluation traits.

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Seasonal variation in semen quality in Bos indicus and Bos taurus bulls raised under tropical conditions

Theriogenology ◽

10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.01.056 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 822-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

M. Nichi ◽

P.E.J. Bols ◽

R.M. Züge ◽

V.H. Barnabe ◽

I.G.F. Goovaerts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Tropical Conditions

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Genome-wide identification of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) genes affecting adipocyte differentiation in cattle

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07653-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cuili Pan ◽

Zhaoxiong Lei ◽

Shuzhe Wang ◽

Xingping Wang ◽

Dawei Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Adipocyte Differentiation ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Adipogenic Differentiation ◽

Critical Role ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome

Abstract Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases regulating important cellular processes such as cell cycle and transcription. Many CDK genes also play a critical role during adipogenic differentiation, but the role of CDK gene family in regulating bovine adipocyte differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the CDK gene family in bovine and study their expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation. Results We performed a genome-wide analysis and identified a number of CDK genes in several bovine species. The CDK genes were classified into 8 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. We found that 25 bovine CDK genes were distributed in 16 different chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the CDK gene family in Bos taurus is homologous with Bos indicus, Hybrid-Bos taurus, Hybrid Bos indicus, Bos grunniens and Bubalus bubalis. Several CDK genes had higher expression levels in preadipocytes than in differentiated adipocytes, as shown by RNA-seq analysis and qPCR, suggesting a role in the growth of emerging lipid droplets. Conclusion In this research, 185 CDK genes were identified and grouped into eight distinct clades in Bovidae, showing extensively homology. Global expression analysis of different bovine tissues and specific expression analysis during adipocytes differentiation revealed CDK4, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9 and CDK14 may be involved in bovine adipocyte differentiation. The results provide a basis for further study to determine the roles of CDK gene family in regulating adipocyte differentiation, which is beneficial for beef quality improvement.

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