Liquefied natural gas supply optimisation

Subject Pakistan's LNG imports and natural gas supply. Significance Pakistan in July claimed it could become one of the top five purchasers of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by 2022. The country is looking to address growing gas demand and reduce capital outflows for fuel oil and diesel imports; regasification facilities are required to convert LNG back to natural gas at atmospheric pressure. Impacts Fewer power shortages would decrease protests, especially prevalent in summer months, over blackouts. Pakistan’s natural gas vehicle sector could see a rejuvenation, curbing gasoline and diesel demand. Increased LNG use in domestic fertiliser production will reduce urea imports.

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POTENTIAL OF CROATIAN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TERMINAL IN SUPPLYING REGIONAL NATURAL GAS MARKETS

Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik ◽

10.17794/rgn.2020.4.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 93-101

Author(s):

Ivan Smajla ◽

Romana Crneković ◽

Daria Karasalihović Sedlar ◽

Filip Božić

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Gas Production ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Production Costs ◽

Energy Strategy ◽

Gas Supply

This paper analyzes the possible role of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the region in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by replacing a certain part of solid fossil fuels. Increasing natural gas consumption, declining North Sea natural gas reserves and increased natural gas production costs in Europe combined have created new opportunities for LNG in Europe. The Energy Strategy of Croatia is focused on intensifying the transit position for natural gas that could establish Croatia as a primary LNG market for countries from the region, which shows that the Energy Strategy supports LNG. Concerning LNG’s introduction into the regional gas market, this paper analyses the possibility of establishing a regional gas hub. The region in this paper includes the following countries: Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Slovenia, and North Macedonia. On the other hand, the observed markets are not organized and sufficiently liquid, which is a crucial precondition for hub establishment. In order to decrease the region’s dependence on pipeline natural gas, it is necessary to construct gas interconnections between Croatia – Serbia, Croatia – Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia – North Macedonia. With the mentioned interconnections, the region could achieve greater security of natural gas supply. This paper discusses the possibility of utilizing the full capacity of a LNG terminal as a source of natural gas supply for the purpose of replacing solid fossil fuels in the region’s primary energy consumption. By replacing solid fossil fuels with natural gas, it is possible to achieve significant savings on CO2 emissions, which contributes towards a green and sustainable future.

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00/00130 Liquefied natural gas supply optimisation

Fuel and Energy Abstracts ◽

10.1016/s0140-6701(00)94924-5 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Gas Supply

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Part I Commercial Arbitration in the Energy Sector, 3 Gas Supply Transactions and Disputes

10.1093/law/9780198805786.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Finizio Steven ◽

Howe Michael

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

End Users ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Transportation Infrastructure ◽

Commercial Arbitration ◽

High Profile ◽

Gas Price ◽

And Storage ◽

Gas Supply

This chapter first describes the main transactions that occur in relation to the supply of natural gas after its exploration. In particular, it studies contracts relating to: the production of gas (including drilling contracts), the processing of gas, the transportation of gas (including in pipelines and as liquefied natural gas (LNG) by ship), the storage of gas, the sale of gas from producers to wholesalers, and the sale of gas from wholesalers to end users. The chapter then discusses disputes that typically arise in relation to those transactions, including transportation infrastructure disputes and storage disputes. It pays particular attention to disputes relating to long-term gas sale and purchase agreements (GSPAs), an important number of which have led to high-profile arbitration proceedings in recent years. The chapter, therefore, analyzes in detail the clauses typically contained in those agreements, and the issues that typically arise in arbitration — in particular, gas price reviews.

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Algeria will aim to hold on to gas market share

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db230394 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Chief Executive ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Supply Contracts ◽

Content Type ◽

Global Demand ◽

Gas Market ◽

One Year ◽

Gas Supply

Significance Sonatrach is preparing to renegotiate most of its long-term contracts to supply natural gas by pipeline and as liquefied natural gas (LNG), as their expiry dates approach in 2019 and 2020. Ould Kaddour, who was appointed Sonatrach’s chief executive one year ago after a period of turbulence within Sonatrach, has made clear that he appreciates the need for a flexible approach in an intensely competitive market. Impacts Algeria’s hydrocarbons production is declining, but global demand for LNG in particular is rising fast. Securing new natural gas supply contracts will be vital for Algeria’s revenue prospects. Ould Kaddour’s efforts to foster better relations with international companies could be rewarded by increased investment.

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South Asian gas demand and imports are set to rise

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db220337 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

South Asian ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Content Type ◽

Energy Mix ◽

Gas Supply

Subject South Asia's gas use outlook. Significance Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is to assume much greater importance in the South Asian energy mix, aiding the control of greenhouse gas emissions growth, but creating new import dependencies. Impacts The development of LNG import infrastructure will reduce the focus on regional pipelines. Improved gas supply will boost industry, power generation and gas use in transportation. South Asia’s gas imports will rise.

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Determination of the Optimal LNG Plant Location in the Gas Supply Area Plan

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.769.383 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 769 ◽

pp. 383-387

Author(s):

Oksana Medvedeva ◽

Gleb Fominykh

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Gas Distribution ◽

Gas Network ◽

Optimal Functioning ◽

Distribution Station ◽

Supply Systems ◽

Gas Supply

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is rather competitive and can act as an alternative fuel. Zone determination for economically expedient use of this energy resource is a necessary prerequisite for solving an important task - providing consumers with gas fuel. Development of scientific bases of calculation and design of autonomous gas supply systems on the basis of liquefied natural gas is an urgent scientific and technical task that takes into account the variability of the determining factors and characteristics of the modern gas supply systems. This requires a comprehensive solution of a number of problems, the main ones are a method for the optimal functioning of the autonomous gas supply systems; development of a method for determining the optimal location of the LNG plant ; development of methods of calculation of key parameters of natural gas in the transportation scheme and the use of LNG; technical-economic substantiation of expediency of application of the developed technical solutions in the field of autonomous gas supply, remote from the gas network. The article presents the results of technical and economic studies of gas distribution systems based on liquefied natural gas, proposed a numerical algorithm and its computer implementation to determine the location of the plant for liquefying gas. Conducted calculations and comparative analysis show that LNG-based gas supply systems will provide fuel for consumers located at considerable distance from the source of gas supply (main gas pipeline or gas distribution station).

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