Part I Commercial Arbitration in the Energy Sector, 3 Gas Supply Transactions and Disputes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finizio Steven ◽  
Howe Michael
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
End Users ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Gas Price ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Gas Supply

This chapter first describes the main transactions that occur in relation to the supply of natural gas after its exploration. In particular, it studies contracts relating to: the production of gas (including drilling contracts), the processing of gas, the transportation of gas (including in pipelines and as liquefied natural gas (LNG) by ship), the storage of gas, the sale of gas from producers to wholesalers, and the sale of gas from wholesalers to end users. The chapter then discusses disputes that typically arise in relation to those transactions, including transportation infrastructure disputes and storage disputes. It pays particular attention to disputes relating to long-term gas sale and purchase agreements (GSPAs), an important number of which have led to high-profile arbitration proceedings in recent years. The chapter, therefore, analyzes in detail the clauses typically contained in those agreements, and the issues that typically arise in arbitration — in particular, gas price reviews.

Algeria will aim to hold on to gas market share

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gas Supply

Significance Sonatrach is preparing to renegotiate most of its long-term contracts to supply natural gas by pipeline and as liquefied natural gas (LNG), as their expiry dates approach in 2019 and 2020. Ould Kaddour, who was appointed Sonatrach’s chief executive one year ago after a period of turbulence within Sonatrach, has made clear that he appreciates the need for a flexible approach in an intensely competitive market. Impacts Algeria’s hydrocarbons production is declining, but global demand for LNG in particular is rising fast. Securing new natural gas supply contracts will be vital for Algeria’s revenue prospects. Ould Kaddour’s efforts to foster better relations with international companies could be rewarded by increased investment.

LNGScheduler: a rich model for coordinating vessel routing, inventories and trade in the liquefied natural gas supply chain

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marte Fodstad ◽  
Kristin Tolstad Uggen ◽  
Frode Rømo ◽  
Arnt-Gunnar Lium ◽  
Geert Stremersch
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Supply

Liquefied natural gas supply optimisation

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kuwahara ◽  
S.V Bajay ◽  
L.N Castro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Supply

A pump-free boosting system and its application to liquefied natural gas supply for large ships

Energy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwon Seo ◽  
Sangheon Han ◽  
Sangick Lee ◽  
Daejun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Supply

Top three LNG buyers to search for alternative LNG pricing structure after paying a total cost premium of $56 billion for oil-indexed LNG contracts in 2019 and 2020 – how will this affect Australia as the number one supplier to this market?

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Sindre Knutsson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Spot Market ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Future

Increasing spreads between spot liquefied natural gas (LNG) and oil-indexed contracts have resulted in the world’s top three LNG buyers paying a cost premium of $33 billion in 2019 and 23 billion in 2020. The top three buyers are Japan, China and South Korea, which had a combined 151Mt of long-term LNG contracts indexed to oil in 2020. This cost premium shows what top Asian buyers are currently paying for the security of LNG supply through long-term oil-indexed contracts. However, it also shows the potential reward Asian buyers have if they manage to develop a liquid LNG pricing hub in Asia to which they can index their contracts. Japanese buyers’ efforts of increasing flexibility in contracts, both through take-or-pay agreements and destination flexibility and aims of growing the spot market, will increasingly support the liquidity of the LNG market. However, there will be resistance from the other side of the table, for where someone is paying a premium, or making a loss, someone is making money. 2020 was another year of plenty for LNG producers selling oil-indexed volumes to Asian markets. Australia is the largest seller of LNG to Japan, China and South Korea with over 60Mt of long-term LNG contracts indexed to oil in 2020. Australia has benefited from having their contracts indexed to oil, but what’s next? In this paper, Rystad Energy will discuss the future market for Australian LNG exports including development in LNG demand, contract trends and price spreads.

CITY GATE NATURAL GAS PRICING IN AUSTRALIA

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
B. P. McCaul
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Price Structure ◽  
Efficient Exploration ◽  
Price Escalation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gas Price ◽  
Economic Use

Natural gas price structures in Australia vary widely from state to state. Long-term low-base-price contracts with inadequate, but freely entered into, price escalation clauses are the main cause of this discrepancy.Natural gas pricing structures in Australia evolved from the cost of alternate energy forms or market conditions prior to 1970, when the first contracts were negotiated. Major changes in the pricing environment have since occurred. New factors include substantial Government control or influence and the development of a monopsonistic market in place of the previous situation where there were alternative sales outlets.The influence of gas utilities on the overall gas price structure has changed dramatically in the last 10 years.Explorers are looking to new marketing and gas use concepts to obtain a more equitable return for their risk than the present monopsonistic market promises to allow. They do not accept that the reward for success should reside with the gas utilities as it currently does, rather than with them as the original risk takers.The industry should itself make changes in current gas pricing structures to correct inequitable and anomalous situations. This would preempt probable Government interference.A free market system is the best long-term policy to ensure efficient exploration and economic use of natural gas.

“A decision support approach for evaluating liquefied natural gas supply options: Implementation on Greek case study”

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Strantzali ◽  
Konstantinos Aravossis ◽  
Georgios A. Livanos ◽  
Christos Nikoloudis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Supply
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