Infectious cancer preserves dog genes for 11,000 years

Cancer affects all animals containing eukaryote cells. Less is known about the cancers that affect wild animals, since they move around and may not be easily observed for a long period of time. This review about cancers in wild animals contains useful data for the study of human cancers as well. Certain cancers in dinosaurs show that this metabolic disease is primitive and may have been around since the beginning of the multicellular organisms. This data also shows there has been some cancer types in naked mole rats and wild sharks as well. Nowadays, Tasmanian Devils are plagued by an infectious cancer known as Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). Since the emergence of the disease in 1996, the population has declined by more than 60 percent. This type of cancer has an allograft transmission. It seems earthworms contain an anti-cancer agent which could be of great interests in the treatment of cancer. In the discussion part of our review we have discussed how Peto’s Paradox theory of cancer is not true and we have mentioned many data of the cancer incidences in whales and elephants.

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Worries about infectious cancer

Nature ◽

10.1038/302567a0 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 302 (5909) ◽

pp. 567-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Infectious Cancer

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Protein and Peptide Biomaterials for Engineered Subunit Vaccines and Immunotherapeutic Applications

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering ◽

10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 337-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alexandra N. Tsoras ◽

Julie A. Champion

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Immune Function ◽

De Novo ◽

Material Structure ◽

Design Engineering ◽

Subunit Vaccines ◽

Self Assembling ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Carrier Materials ◽

Infectious Cancer

Although vaccines have been the primary defense against widespread infectious disease for decades, there is a critical need for improvement to combat complex and variable diseases. More control and specificity over the immune response can be achieved by using only subunit components in vaccines. However, these often lack sufficient immunogenicity to fully protect, and conjugation or carrier materials are required. A variety of protein and peptide biomaterials have improved effectiveness and delivery of subunit vaccines for infectious, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. They are biodegradable and have control over both material structure and immune function. Many of these materials are built from naturally occurring self-assembling proteins, which have been engineered for incorporation of vaccine components. In contrast, others are de novo designs of structures with immune function. In this review, protein biomaterial design, engineering, and immune functionality as vaccines or immunotherapies are discussed.

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Abstract 15368: Index Admission and Thirty-day Readmission Outcomes of Cancer Patients Presenting With Stemi

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.15368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Osman ◽

Mina M Benjamin ◽

Sudarshan Balla ◽

Babikir Kheiri ◽

Christopher Bianco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

National Level ◽

The United States ◽

Index Admission ◽

Bleeding Complications ◽

Unplanned Readmission ◽

St Segment Elevation ◽

Propensity Score Model ◽

Infectious Cancer

Introduction: National-level data of cancer patients’ readmissions after a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are lacking. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to describe rates and causes of 30-day readmissions in this population. Methods: Among patients who were admitted with STEMI in the United States National Readmission Database (NRD) from October 2015-December 2017, we identified patients with the diagnosis of active breast, colorectal, lung or prostate cancer. The primary endpoint was 30-day unplanned readmission rate. Secondary endpoints included in-hospital outcomes during the index admission and causes of readmissions. A propensity score model was used to compare the outcomes of cancer and no cancer patients. Results: A total of 385,522 patients were included in the current analysis (Cancer= 5,956, No Cancer=379,566). After propensity score matching, 23,880 patients were compared (Cancer=5,949, No Cancer=17,931). Cancer patients had higher 30-day readmission (19% vs 14%, p<0.01). The most common causes for readmission among cancer patients were cardiac (31%), followed by infectious (21%), hematological and oncological (17%), respiratory (4%), stroke (4%) and renal (3%). During the first readmission, cancer patients had higher in-hospital mortality (15% vs 7%; p<0.01) and bleeding complications (31% vs 21%; p<0.01). In multivariate logistic regression, cancer status (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.6, p<0.01) was an independent predictor for 30-day readmission. Conclusions: About one in five cancer patients presenting with STEMI will be readmitted within 30 days. Cancer patients’ 30-day readmissions are still predominantly cardiac-related but with a higher proportion of admissions for infectious, cancer-related and bleeding and than those without cancer.

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Cancer Incidence in Wild Animals and the Rejection of Peto’s Paradox Theory

10.47363/jcrr/2020(2)106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Sorush Niknamian ◽

Keyword(s):

Tasmanian Devil ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Long Period ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Devil Facial Tumor Disease ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Paradox Theory ◽

Cancer Agent ◽

Infectious Cancer ◽

Multicellular Organisms

Cancer affects all animals containing eukaryote cells. Less is known about the cancers that affect wild animals, since they move around and may not be easily observed for a long period of time. This review about cancers in wild animals contains useful data for the study of human cancers as well. Certain cancers in dinosaurs show that this metabolic disease is primitive and may have been around since the beginning of the multicellular organisms. This data also shows there has been some cancer types in naked mole rats and wild sharks as well. Nowadays, Tasmanian Devils are plagued by an infectious cancer known as Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). Since the emergence of the disease in 1996, the population has declined by more than 60 percent. This type of cancer has an allograft transmission. It seems earthworms contain an anti-cancer agent which could be of great interests in the treatment of cancer. In the discussion part of our review we have discussed how Peto’s Paradox theory of cancer is not true and we have mentioned many data of the cancer incidences in whales and

Download Full-text