Quantitative Analysis of the Linkage between the interphalangeal Joints of the Index Finger

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HAHN ◽  
H. KRIMMER ◽  
A. HRADETZKY ◽  
U. LANZ
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Rectangular Coordinate System ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pip Joint ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Opening And Closing

We have established a simple method of measuring joint motion under physiological conditions. For this purpose we use an ultrasound measuring system employing marker points consisting of miniaturized ultrasound transmitters. This device was tested on a simple biomeehanical model, the linkage of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints. The angles of these joints were recorded during opening and closing of the fist in 34 index fingers of 17 healthy persons. The results of the measurements were plotted on a rectangular coordinate system. Analysis showed an approximately linear linkage between the IP joints of the index linger. The curve for extension was the same as that for flexion. The linkage varies greatly. On average 1° of PIP joint flexion is equivalent to 0.76° of DIP joint flexion. Our study showed no significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant hand. The results showed that there is a linear linkage between the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, which is equal for flexion and extension.

Anterior Tenoarthrolysis for Severe Flexion Contracture of the Fingers (The “Tata” Operation): A Review of 50 Cases

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. LOREA ◽  
J. MEDINA HENRIQUEZ ◽  
R. NAVARRO ◽  
P. LEGAILLARD ◽  
G. FOUCHER
Keyword(s):  
Flexion Contracture ◽  
Salvage Procedure ◽  
Extension Deficit ◽  
Salvage Operation ◽  
Active Range Of Motion ◽  
Pip Joint ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
The Mean

The “hook finger”, with both proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint flexion contractures, often after multiple previous operations, is difficult to treat. This paper reports the results of 50 fingers in 49 patients in which the TATA (Téno-Arthrolyse Totale Antérieure) salvage procedure, described by Saffar in 1978, was carried out. Thirty-seven of 50 (74%) of these fingers had had at least one previous operation, most on the flexor apparatus. The mean PIP and DIP extension deficit pre-operatively was 133° with a mean PIP lag of extension of 83°. With a mean follow-up of 7.8 years, 45 fingers were improved, five were not and none was worsened. The mean PIP and DIP extension deficit postoperatively was 47°, with a mean PIP lack of extension of 31°. The overall gain in extension deficit of both joints was 86° and of the PIP was 52°. One PIP joint developed septic arthritis immediately after surgery. The benefit of this salvage operation is mainly in the change of the active range of motion to a more functional arc.

Pin Insertion to the Interosseous Hood Minimize the Finger Motion Restriction for the Proximal Phalangeal Percutaneous Fixation: A Cadaveric Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Akira Ikumi ◽  
Toshikazu Tanaka ◽  
Yusuke Matsuura ◽  
Kazuki Kuniyoshi ◽  
Takane Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Insertion Point ◽  
Lateral Band ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pip Joint ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Finger Motion

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal pin insertion point to minimize finger motion restriction for proximal phalangeal fixation in cadaver models. Methods: We used 16 fingers from three fresh-frozen cadavers (age, 82–86 years). Each finger was dissected at the level of the carpometacarpal joint and fixated to a custom-built range of motion (ROM)-measuring apparatus after skin removal. The pin was inserted into the bone through four gliding soft tissues: the interosseous hood, dorsal capsule, lateral band, and sagittal band. Then, each tendon was pulled by a prescribed weight in three finger positions (flexion, extension, and intrinsic plus position). Changes in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and distal interphalangeal (DIP) angles were measured before and after pinning. We compared the differences between the insertion points using the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Results: Placement of pins into the sagittal band significantly restricted MCP joint flexion, while placement into the dorsal capsule and lateral band significantly restricted PIP joint flexion. Only placement into the interosseous hood showed no significant difference in joint angles between the three finger positions compared to pre-pin insertion. There were no significant effects on MCP, PIP, and DIP joint extension. Conclusions: The ROM of the MCP joint was obstructed due to pinning in most areas of insertion. However, pin insertion to the interosseous hood did not obstruct the finger flexion ROM compared to that of other gliding soft tissues; therefore, we believe that the interosseous hood may be a suitable pin insertion point for proximal phalangeal fixation.

scholarly journals Fowler Central Slip Tenotomy or Spiral Oblique Retinacular Ligament Reconstruction? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study in Swan-Neck Deformity

Hand ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-624
Author(s):  
Christian Deml ◽  
Aslan Baradaran ◽  
Neal Chen ◽  
Michael Nasr ◽  
Amir R. Kachooei
Keyword(s):  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Mallet Finger ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
Finger Extension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pip Joint ◽  
Central Slip ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
Swan Neck Deformity

Background: The goal of this study is to biomechanically compare Fowler central slip tenotomy with spiral oblique retinacular ligament (SORL) reconstruction in correcting a chronic mallet deformity as part of a swan-neck deformity. Methods: We used 24 human cadaver fingers from 6 hands. Mallet finger and swan-neck deformities were created; then, Fowler tenotomy was done on one group including 3 hands with 12 fingers, and SORL reconstruction was done on the others. Results: During simulated finger extension, there was no significant difference between the 2 techniques in correcting the distal interphalangeal joint droop; however, Fowler tenotomy resulted in hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, whereas it remained straight after SORL reconstruction. Conclusions: This study supports the SORL reconstruction in correcting a chronic mallet deformity, especially when there is a concomitant PIP hyperextension deformity, which lowers the risk of reversing the deformity after a Fowler procedure.

An Assessment of Red Cell Deformability Using a Simple Filtration Method

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Drummond ◽  
G Lowe ◽  
J Belch ◽  
C Forbes ◽  
J Barbenel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the reproducibility and validity of a simple method of measuring red cell deformability (filtration of whole blood through 5 µ sieves) and its relationship to haematocrit, blood viscosity, fibrinogen, white cell count, sex and smoking. The mean coefficient of variation in normals was 3. 7%. Tanned red cells showed marked loss of deformability. Blood filtration rate correlated with haematocrit (r = 0. 99 on dilution of samples, r = 0. 7 in 120 normals and patients). After correction for haematocrit, deformability correlated with high shear viscosity, but not low shear viscosity, fibrinogen or white cell count. In 60 normals there was no significant difference between males and females, or smokers and non-smokers, but in 11 smokers there was an acute fall in deformability after smoking 3 cigarettes (p<0. 05). Reduced deformability was found in acute myocardial infarction (n = 15, p<0. 01) and chronic peripheral arterial disease (n = 15, p<0. 01). The technique is reproducible, detects rigid cells and appears useful in the study of vascular disease.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Distal End of Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon and Percutaneous Release Technique: A Cadaveric Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 247301141988427
Author(s):  
Baofu Wei ◽  
Ruoyu Yao ◽  
Annunziato Amendola
Keyword(s):  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Neurovascular Bundle ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Longus Tendon ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Percutaneous Release ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Background: The transfer of flexor-to-extensor is widely used to correct lesser toe deformity and joint instability. The flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDLT) is percutaneously transected at the distal end and then routed dorsally to the proximal phalanx. The transected tendon must have enough mobility and length for the transfer. The purpose of this study was to dissect the distal end of FDLT and identify the optimal technique to percutaneously release FDLT. Methods: Eight fresh adult forefoot specimens were dissected to describe the relationship between the tendon and the neurovascular bundle and measure the width and length of the distal end of FDLT. Another 7 specimens were used to create the percutaneous release model and test the strength required to pull out FDLT proximally. The tendons were randomly released at the base of the distal phalanx (BDP), the space of the distal interphalangeal joint (SDIP), and the neck of the middle phalanx (NMP). Results: At the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, the neurovascular bundle begins to migrate toward the center of the toe and branches off toward the center of the toe belly. The distal end of FDLT can be divided into 3 parts: the distal phalanx part (DPP), the capsule part (CP), and the middle phalanx part (MPP). There was a significant difference in width and length among the 3 parts. The strength required to pull out FDLT proximally was about 168, 96, and 20 N, respectively, for BDP, SDIP, and NMP. Conclusion: The distal end of FDLT can be anatomically described at 3 locations: DPP, CP, and MPP. The tight vinculum brevis and the distal capsule are strong enough to resist proximal retraction. Percutaneous release at NMP can be performed safely and effectively. Clinical Relevance: Percutaneous release at NMP can be performed safely and effectively during flexor-to-extensor transfer.

Postburn Nailfold Retraction: A Reconstructive Technique

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-387
Author(s):  
R. C. K. NGIM ◽  
K. SOIN
Keyword(s):  
Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
Transposition Flap ◽  
Left Thumb ◽  
Nail Deformity ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Reconstructive Technique

Postburn nailfold retraction often results in nail deformity and loss of distal interphalangeal joint flexion. A technique of reconstruction of the nailfold using a proximally based transposition flap is described in a patient with postburn nailfold retraction of the left thumb, index and middle fingers.

scholarly journals Chromium speciation in leather samples: an experiment using digital images, mobile phone and environmental concepts

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Costa ◽  
Ariane Neiva ◽  
Edenir Pereira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Difference

This study proposes a new and simple method for Cr speciation and Cr(VI) determination in leather samples using digital images. The experiments were performed using a mobile phone and a free app called PhotoMetrix that was used to obtain and process data. The results obtained from PhotoMetrix were compared to reference methods using UV−Vis spectroscopy. A statistical evaluation between both proposed and the reference methods using two-sample t-test did not show a significant difference at a 95% confidence level. Bovine leather samples (4 samples) tanned with Cr salts and ovine leather samples (3 samples) tanned with vegetable tannin were analyzed. The proposed method presented limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.6 and 2 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the proposed method using PhotoMetrix and digital images can provide undergraduate students an opportunity to learn topics such as quantitative analyses, environmental chemistry, speciation chemistry, image processing and treatment of statistical data. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can be applied to routine analyses and in experimental analytical chemistry courses.

scholarly journals Development of а matrix of food industry capacity for making management decisions in the formation of sustainable development of agroecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (13 (110)) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Kateryna Andriushchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Datsii ◽  
Oksana Lavruk ◽  
Ruslan Dmytrenko ◽  
Igor Kutashev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Matrix

A theoretical and methodological study was carried out to determine the need and features of developing a matrix of food industry capacity for making management decisions in the formation of sustainable development of agroecosystems, which will increase the operational efficiency of companies and food security of the country. The paper uses the following research methods: historical – in the process of studying modern views on understanding the importance of the agricultural sector for the economy; system analysis – when building a model of innovative business improvement. Methods of comparison and analysis of trends – the study of trends in the agricultural sector of Ukraine with the identification of important areas for improving their activities. Methods of financial analysis – for the analytical assessment of financial and economic activities of the investigated enterprises; forecasting methods – to substantiate the expected results of implementing the author's proposals in management practice. It is proposed to take into account the significant difference in the technology of their processing and production (number of advanced technologies used per 100 thousand people). The paper reveals the dependence of production technologies in agriculture on natural and weather conditions (share of technological innovation costs, %). Criteria for innovation skills in the development of agricultural engineering were proposed. The criteria were determined, which were divided into development groups. The tools for constructing a matrix of food industry capacity were substantiated. Note that for each indicator, the optimal value was determined taking into account the sensitivity factor and the rating of enterprises, which determined their place in the matrix. In the course of the study and the matrix of innovative development, the proposed technology was tested at leading domestic enterprises

Cleland’s ligaments and Dupuytren’s disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Shewring ◽  
U. Rethnam
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Flexion Contracture ◽  
Joint Contracture ◽  
Dupuytren’S Disease ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Dupuytren's Disease ◽  
Pip Joint ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Neurovascular Bundles

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Cleland’s ligaments are affected by Dupuytren’s disease and assess their contribution to the flexion contracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. Twenty patients with Dupuytren’s disease undergoing fasciectomy for a PIP joint contracture > 40° (mean 61°, range 45°–100°) were included. After excision of all other identifiable digital disease, Cleland’s ligaments were assessed. If they appeared to be macroscopically affected by Dupuytren’s disease they were excised, sent for histological analysis, and any further improvement of PIP joint contracture was recorded. There were 14 males and six females with a mean age of 62 (range 40–79) years. Excision of Cleland’s ligaments resulted in a mean further correction of 7° (range 0°–15°). Histological analysis indicated that Cleland’s ligament was clearly involved with Dupuytren’s disease in 12 patients, indicating that Cleland’s ligaments can be affected by Dupuytren’s disease. In the remaining specimens the histological findings were equivocal. As these structures are situated dorsal to the neurovascular bundles, a specific dissection has to be undertaken to identify them. Excision of Cleland’s ligaments at digital fasciectomy further avoids leaving residual disease and may yield a worthwhile further correction of PIP joint flexion contracture.

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