Treatment of mental illnesses has slowly shifted to primary care settings over the past decade. As more patients are identified as needing treatment for a mental illness, the availability of behavioral health (BH) practitioners has become more strained, leading to this shift towards primary care treatment. With more patients receiving psychiatric health care from their primary care providers (PCP), a need for dedicated BH practitioners within the primary care setting was developed.
This article describes a novel program where a clinical psychiatric pharmacist is utilized as the primary psychiatric provider within an integrated BH program of a busy primary care clinic in a major metropolitan area. Working under a collaborative practice agreement to prescribe, the pharmacist acts as the initial BH contact for the clinic, as well as a liaison between primary care and BH. Patients referred to the pharmacist from primary care are then evaluated and appropriate medication prescribed for their illness. Most patients are followed prospectively by the pharmacist, with more complex patients (i.e., those not appropriate for primary care-based BH treatment) referred to the BH clinic for follow-up care. The pharmacist serves on the intake committee for the BH clinic, and facilitates patient referrals to their clinicians.
Preliminary analysis of the program's effectiveness shows positive results. Within the first two months of the program, 28 patients were referred to the pharmacist (including five referred by BH clinic therapists through primary care). Most patients were referred for depression or anxiety, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse, bipolar disorder, and psychosis also being treated. As such, antidepressants and anxiolytics were the most common agents prescribed, but most every class of psychotherapeutic agents was utilized. Patient wait times to meet with the pharmacist were generally less than a week, with exceptions being found for patients already being prescribed a psychotherapeutic agent by their PCP and being referred to the pharmacist for follow-up care, or for patients being referred by their existing therapist. Initial reviews of the program by patients, primary care staff, and BH staff have been positive, especially in regards to patient access to specialized BH services.
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