Effect of enzyme or microbial treatment of bermudagrass forages before ensiling on cell wall composition, end products of silage fermentation and in situ digestion kinetics

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the brown midrib trait and stage of development [vegetative (VS) vs. heading (HS) stage] on chemical composition and in situ rumen disappearance of forage millet leaves and stems. Forage yield of brown midrib millet was 80 and 50% of that of regular millet at VS and HS, respectively. The reduction in brown midrib millet yield was mainly due to reduction in plant height and tillers m-2. The brown midrib trait reduced concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) in stems by 8, 16, and 58%, respectively, and concentrations of ADF and ADL in leaves by 6 and 49%, respectively. Effects of stage of development on fiber fractions were more pronounced in stems than in leaves. Millet stems harvested at HS had greater concentration of NDF, ADF and ADL than at VS, while only ADL concentration in millet leaves increased with advancing development. Leaves and stems of brown midrib millet (BM) contained more arabinose and xylose than those of regular millet (RM), while glucose concentration was not affected by millet type. Concentrations of xylose and arabinose were higher in leaves, while those of glucose and arabinose were higher in stems of millet harvested at HS than at VS. The brown midrib trait reduced concentrations of ester- linked p-coumaric acid and ether-linked p-coumaric and ferulic acids in both leaves and stems. However, concentration of ester-linked ferulic acid was only reduced in stems. Concentrations of all phenolic acids were higher in stems of millet harvested at HS than at VS. However, the effects of stage of development for most phenolic acids were more pronounced for stems of RM than BM. In situ DM and NDF disappearances were higher in leaves and stems of BM than RM and were higher in leaves and stems of millet harvested at VS than at HS. The brown midrib trait reduced the negative impact of increasing maturity on in situ DM and NDF disappearance in leaves and in situ DM disappearance in stems. It was concluded that the brown midrib trait caused significant changes in cell wall composition of both leaf and stem fractions which resulted in improved in situ nutrient disappearances. The trait also reduced the negative effect of advanced maturity on nutrient digestibility. Key words: Brown midrib; forage millet; in situ disappearance; Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; phenolic acids

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In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083035 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 434-435

Author(s):

D. Reis ◽

B. Vian ◽

J. C. Roland

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

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