Effect of the brown midrib trait and stage of development at harvest on cell wall composition and degradability of forage pearl millet leaves and stems

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Hassanat ◽  
Arif F Mustafa ◽  
Philippe Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Stage Of Development

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the brown midrib trait and stage of development [vegetative (VS) vs. heading (HS) stage] on chemical composition and in situ rumen disappearance of forage millet leaves and stems. Forage yield of brown midrib millet was 80 and 50% of that of regular millet at VS and HS, respectively. The reduction in brown midrib millet yield was mainly due to reduction in plant height and tillers m-2. The brown midrib trait reduced concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) in stems by 8, 16, and 58%, respectively, and concentrations of ADF and ADL in leaves by 6 and 49%, respectively. Effects of stage of development on fiber fractions were more pronounced in stems than in leaves. Millet stems harvested at HS had greater concentration of NDF, ADF and ADL than at VS, while only ADL concentration in millet leaves increased with advancing development. Leaves and stems of brown midrib millet (BM) contained more arabinose and xylose than those of regular millet (RM), while glucose concentration was not affected by millet type. Concentrations of xylose and arabinose were higher in leaves, while those of glucose and arabinose were higher in stems of millet harvested at HS than at VS. The brown midrib trait reduced concentrations of ester- linked p-coumaric acid and ether-linked p-coumaric and ferulic acids in both leaves and stems. However, concentration of ester-linked ferulic acid was only reduced in stems. Concentrations of all phenolic acids were higher in stems of millet harvested at HS than at VS. However, the effects of stage of development for most phenolic acids were more pronounced for stems of RM than BM. In situ DM and NDF disappearances were higher in leaves and stems of BM than RM and were higher in leaves and stems of millet harvested at VS than at HS. The brown midrib trait reduced the negative impact of increasing maturity on in situ DM and NDF disappearance in leaves and in situ DM disappearance in stems. It was concluded that the brown midrib trait caused significant changes in cell wall composition of both leaf and stem fractions which resulted in improved in situ nutrient disappearances. The trait also reduced the negative effect of advanced maturity on nutrient digestibility. Key words: Brown midrib; forage millet; in situ disappearance; Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; phenolic acids

Chemical composition and in situ ruminal nutrient degradability of normal and brown midrib forage pearl millet grown in southwestern Québec

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
F. Hassanat ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Normal Genotype

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability of normal and brown midrib (bmr) forage pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] grown in southwestern Québec conditions. Forage was harvested twice during the season. Relative to normal genotype, bmr millet contained less (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin and more (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP). Fiber fractions were similar for the two harvests. However, CP content was higher (P < 0.05) in the first than the second harvest. In situ ruminal degradabilities of DM, CP and NDF were all higher (P < 0.05) for bmr than normal forage millet and were not affected by harvest. Key words: Forage quality, pearl millet, ruminal degradability, protein fractions, brown midrib

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of Elephant grass, Italian ryegrass and spontaneous growing species mixed with forage peanut or red clover

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1845-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Schalemberg Diehl ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Carlos Alberto Agnolin ◽  
Ricardo Lima de Azevedo Junior ◽  
Vinícius Felipe Bratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grazing Systems

The objective of this research was to evaluate of three grazing systems (GS) with elephant grass (EG), Italian ryegrass (IR) + spontaneous growing species (SGS); EG + IR + SGS + forage peanut (FP); and EG + IR + SGS + red clover (RC), during the winter and summer periods in rotational grazing with dairy cattle. Experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, two replicates with repeated measures. Lactating Holstein cows receiving 1% BW-daily feed supplement with concentrate were used in the evaluation. Eight grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period. The values of pre forage mass and stocking rate were 2.52, 2.60 and 2.99 t ha-1 and 2.64, 2.77 and 3.14 animal unit ha-1, respectively for GS. Samples of forage were collected by hand-plucking technique to analyze the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) of forage present between rows of elephant grass, in the rows of elephant grass and the legumes. Higher value of CP, ISOMD and lower of NDF were observed for the grazing systems mixed with legumes forage.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Stovers of Four Varieties of Common Vetch on Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Lambs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Yafeng Huang ◽  
Cory Matthew ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Zhibiao Nan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

This study evaluated common vetch stover as a feed in mixed rations for growing lambs. Four common vetch varieties were compared with alfalfa (control) for their effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention. Male Hu lambs (n = 50) aged 3 months, with a mean body weight of 17.5 ± 0.34 kg were allocated randomly to one of the five dietary treatments, making 10 lambs per treatment. The experiment lasted 67 days with a 10-day adaptation period and a 50-day fattening period, and with the final 7 days used for a nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance trial. All diets contained 30.0% maize straw and 50.0% concentrate, with different forage sources (on a fed basis): 20.0% alfalfa hay (control), 20.0% local common vetch variety 333A (C333A) stover, or 20.0% stover of one of three improved common vetch varieties: Lanjian No. 1 (CLJ1), Lanjian No. 2 (CLJ2), or Lanjian No. 3 (CLJ3). For stover quality, CLJ1 stover had the greatest crude protein (CP), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) content and the least cell wall contents, while C333A stover had the least CP, IVOMD, and ME contents and the greatest cell wall contents. Sheep fed the control diet had a greater average daily gain (ADG), apparent digestibility of organic matter (DOM), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and nitrogen retention, and greater ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration than lambs fed the C333A or CLJ3 diet, but similar performance to lambs fed the CLJ1 and CLJ2 diets. The feed conversion ratio and predicted CH4 emission per unit of DOM intake and ADG of the control, CLJ1, and CLJ2 diets was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than for the other diets. Based on these results, stovers of varieties CLJ1 and CLJ2 can be recommended as an alternative to alfalfa hay and for use in a legume crop rotation with cereals on the Tibetan plateau.

scholarly journals Phenolic acids and ruminal parameters of different varieties of sugarcane in natura or ensiled

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Jaime Emerson Laranjeira Spínola ◽  
Sidnei Tavares dos Reis ◽  
Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Microbial Action

This study aimed to determine and measure the phenolic acids in four varieties of sugarcane (RB 855536, RB 765418, SP 80-1842 and SP 80-1816) as fresh and ensiled, and assess the influence of these acids on in situ degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design. For the fraction of dry matter (DM), varieties RB 855536 and SP 80-1842 had average 17.80% higher compared to others. The SP80-1842 and RB 855536 varieties did not differ (p > 0.05), with an average of DM effective degradability of 33.70%. For silage, the highest levels of p-coumaric acid were found in the variety RB 855536, which was 24.64% higher than the varieties RB 765418 and SP 80-1842 (average 12.75%) and 52.60% of the variety SP 80-1816 (average 8.02%), since for the in natura form, varieties did not differ between each other (p > 0.05), and had an average of 8.86%. Silage variety SP 80-1816 has ferulic acid content 40.82% higher than the other varieties, with an average of 4.63%. The examination of the concentrations of phenolic acids p-coumaric and ferulic are not sufficient to justify the effect of microbial action on the varieties studied in different forms of processing. 

Phenolic constituents of cell wall types of normal and brown midrib mutants of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br) in relation to wall biodegradability

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy D Hartley ◽  
W Herbert Morrison ◽  
William S Borneman ◽  
Luanne L Rigsby ◽  
Malcolm O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Phenolic Constituents

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF CANOLA ACIDULATED FATTY ACIDS AND TALLOW AS SUPPLEMENTS TO A GROUND ALFALFA DIET FOR SHEEP

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. MIR
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
And Performance

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplementing ground alfalfa diets with 0, 3, 4, 5 or 10% canola acidulated fatty acids (CAFA) or tallow on digestion in the rumen, and on nutrient digestibility and performance by sheep. Effects of these treatments on in situ dry matter (DMD) and nitrogen (ND) disappearance were measured by the nylon bag technique using rumen-fistulated cattle. DMD was reduced (P < 0.05) for diets containing CAFA at the 5 and 10% levels after 24 and 48 h of incubation in the rumen and for diets containing tallow at all levels after 48 h incubation. ND from the nylon bags was not affected by fat supplementation. A digestibility experiment with 36 mature wethers in a completely randomized design showed no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter, nitrogen, acid detergent fiber or energy digestibility between unsupplemented and fat-supplemented diets. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility, however, was greater (P < 0.05) for the 3% CAFA, 4% tallow and 10% tallow diets than the control. Fat supplementation did not influence rumen fermentation characteristics such as pH and volatile fatty acid patterns. In a feeding trial with 84 weaned lambs in a completely randomized design, supplementation with 5% CAFA or tallow at 3, 4 and 5% resulted in increased liveweight gain when compared with control (P < 0.05). Average dry matter intakes were similar with all the fat supplemented diets. Key words: Sheep, tallow, canola acidulated fatty acids, alfalfa hay, digestibility

RATE AND EXTENT OF DIGESTION OF COTTON THREAD AND OF DRY MATTER AND CELL WALL CONSTITUENTS OF SOYBEAN STOVER, ALFALFA AND THEIR BLENDS AND RUMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF SHEEP FED THESE FORAGES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SOOFI ◽  
G. C. FAHEY Jr. ◽  
L. L. BERGER
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nitrogen Recycling ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Cotton Thread ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Expected Values

The rate and extent of digestion of cell wall fractions of soybean stover (SBS), alfalfa (ALF) and mixtures of these forages and the interactions (associative effects) between their components were measured using dacron bags in situ in eight mature sheep. The rate and extent of digestion of cotton thread was also compared to that of cellulose in intact plant cell walls. The extent of dry matter digestibility (DMD) of SBS, 2 SBS:1 ALF, 1 SBS:2 ALF and ALF was 48.1, 56.5, 66.8 and 73.3%, respectively. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose digestibilities for the 2 SBS:1 ALF blend were 4.2, 4.1 and 4.3 percentage units lower, respectively, than expected values. Observed digestibilities for various components of the 1 SBS:2 ALF blend were not statistically different from expected values. Cotton fiber digestion in the rumen of sheep fed all ALF diets neared completion in 48 h (94.3%) and this value was significantly higher than those for sheep fed SBS (65.0%), 2 SBS:1 ALF (77.0%), and 1 SBS:2 ALF (88.5%). Rumen pH values, after feeding, tended to decline fastest in sheep fed ALF. Nitrogen recycling into the rumen occurred on all diets but was greater as quality of forage decreased. Molar concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased after feeding in all instances. Key words: Sheep, soybean stover, alfalfa, associative effects, in situ dacron bag, cellulose digestion

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