Sequence of the putative alanine racemase operon in Staphylococcus aureus: insertional interruption of this operon reduces d-alanine substitution of lipoteichoic acid and autolysis

Gene ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 219 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Kullik ◽  
René Jenni ◽  
Brigitte Berger-Bächi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Alanine Racemase ◽  
Alanine Substitution

scholarly journals Lipoteichoic Acid from Staphylococcus aureus Induces Lung Endothelial Cell Barrier Dysfunction: Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e49209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Barton Pai ◽  
Heena Patel ◽  
Alexander J. Prokopienko ◽  
Hiba Alsaffar ◽  
Nancy Gertzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Infection of Epidermal Keratinocytes Promotes Expression of Innate Antimicrobial Peptides

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 5241-5244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Menzies ◽  
Aimee Kenoyer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Aureus Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Peptide Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide Expression

ABSTRACT Keratinocytes upregulate expression of endogenous antimicrobial peptides in response to inflammatory stimuli. We show that both viable and heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus and lipoteichoic acid differentially alter expression of these peptides upon contact with human keratinocytes. The findings indicate a diversity of staphylococcal factors involved in upregulation of antimicrobial peptide expression in cutaneous epithelia.

scholarly journals Impaired Alanine Transport or Exposure to d-Cycloserine Increases the Susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam Antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1016
Author(s):  
Laura A Gallagher ◽  
Rebecca K Shears ◽  
Claire Fingleton ◽  
Laura Alvarez ◽  
Elaine M Waters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Alanine Racemase ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
First Line ◽  
Alanine Transport ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract Prolonging the clinical effectiveness of β-lactams, which remain first-line antibiotics for many infections, is an important part of efforts to address antimicrobial resistance. We report here that inactivation of the predicted d-cycloserine (DCS) transporter gene cycA resensitized methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to β-lactam antibiotics. The cycA mutation also resulted in hypersusceptibility to DCS, an alanine analogue antibiotic that inhibits alanine racemase and d-alanine ligase required for d-alanine incorporation into cell wall peptidoglycan. Alanine transport was impaired in the cycA mutant, and this correlated with increased susceptibility to oxacillin and DCS. The cycA mutation or exposure to DCS were both associated with the accumulation of muropeptides with tripeptide stems lacking the terminal d-ala-d-ala and reduced peptidoglycan cross-linking, prompting us to investigate synergism between β-lactams and DCS. DCS resensitized MRSA to β-lactams in vitro and significantly enhanced MRSA eradication by oxacillin in a mouse bacteremia model. These findings reveal alanine transport as a new therapeutic target to enhance the susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam antibiotics.

scholarly journals Lipoteichoic Acid Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Bum Ahn ◽  
Jung Eun Baik ◽  
Cheol-Heui Yun ◽  
Seung Hyun Han
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid
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