Photosynthesis, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of four paper birch (Betula papyrifera) populations grown under different soil moisture and nutrient regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian R. Wang ◽  
C.D.B. Hawkins ◽  
Tony Letchford
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Paper Birch

Relative growth rate and biomass allocation of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) populations under different soil moisture and nutrient regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian R Wang ◽  
C DB Hawkins ◽  
Tony Letchford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Paper Birch

Seedlings of four geographically diverse paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) populations native to British Columbia were grown under low and high levels of water and nitrogen in a greenhouse for 3 months to examine the relative sensitivity of each population to water and nutrient availability. Nine sequential measurements on height and basal diameter growth were made, and then the seedlings were harvested for final biomass measurements. Under optimal conditions the highest elevation population ceased height growth, while the low-elevation coastal population continued to increase in height under all treatment conditions. Plants of all populations grown under high N conditions grew faster and had larger total biomass and lower root/shoot ratios than plants grown under low N conditions. Relative growth rate was significantly correlated with shoot and foliage biomass, leaf area, and root weight ratio. All populations generally responded more to low N level than to low moisture level in terms of height growth, relative growth rate, total biomass, and root/shoot ratio. This suggests that the populations observed in this study are better adapted to drought than poor soil nutrient availability. Therefore, consideration of site quality, which includes soil moisture regime and soil nutrient regime, should be a primary concern when allocating birch seed lots in a planting program.

A computational history and outlook of nitrogen use efficiency and precipitation-optimal fertilisation timings in agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McKay Flecher ◽  
Siul Ruiz ◽  
Tiago Dias ◽  
Katherine Williams ◽  
Chiara Petroselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

<p>Half of the nitrogen applied to arable-fields is lost through several processes linked to soil moisture. Low soil moisture limits nitrogen mobility reducing nitrogen-uptake while wetter conditions can increase nitrogen leaching. Rainfall ultimately governs soil moisture and the fate of nitrogen in soil. However, the interaction between rainfall and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains poorly understood.</p> <p>We developed a field-scale modelling platform that describes coupled water and nitrogen transport, root growth and uptake, rainfall, the nitrogen-cycle and leaching to assess the NUE of split fertilisations with realistic rainfall patterns. The model was solved for every possible split fertilisation timing in 200+ growing seasons to determine optimal timings. Two previous field trials regarding rainfall and NUE had contrasting results: wetter years have enhanced fertiliser loss and drier years reduced plant nitrogen uptake. By choosing appropriate fertilisation timings in the model we could recreate the two contrasting trends and maintain variability in the data. However, we found by choosing other fertilisation timings we could mitigate the leaching in wetter years. Optimised timings could increase plant nitrogen uptake by up to 35% compared to the mean in dry years. Plant uptake was greatest under drier conditions due to mitigated leaching, but less likely to occur due to low nitrogen mobility. Optimal fertilisation timings varied dramatically depending on the rainfall patterns. Historic and projected rainfall patterns from 1950-2069 were used in the model. We found optimal NUE has a decrease from 2022-2040 due to increased heavy rainfall events and optimal fertilisation timings are later in the season but varied largely on a season-to-season basis.</p> <p>The results are a step towards achieving improved nitrogen efficiency in agriculture by using the ‘at the right time’ agronomic-strategy in the ‘4Rs’ of improved nitrogen fertilisation. Our results can help determine nitrogen fertilisation timings in changing climates.</p>

Semiochemical-mediated aggregation of the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron betulae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kühnholz ◽  
Regine Gries ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Enantiomeric Ratio ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Electroantennographic Detection ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

AbstractPorapak Q-captured volatiles from both sexes of Trypodendron betulae Swaine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) excised from newly attacked logs of paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marshall (Betulaceae), as well as volatiles from unattacked birch logs, were analysed by coupled gas chromatographic electroantennographic detection analysis. Active compounds were identified by gas chromatographic mass spectroscopy. The enantiomeric ratio of 6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol (linalool oxide pyranoid) was determined using a Cyclodex B column. Field-trapping experiments disclosed that the female-produced aggregation pheromone of T. betulae is a blend of the (3S,6R)-trans- and (3R,6R)-cis-linalool oxide pyranoid. Trap catches were synergistically increased when the pheromone was combined with both the host volatile ethanol and with conophthorin, which was found in female beetles as well as host volatiles. Use of linalool oxide pyranoid reproductively isolates T. betulae from sympatric Trypodendron Stephens species for which only (+)-lineatin has been identified as an aggregation pheromone.

scholarly journals Contrasting Release Approaches for a Mixed Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera)–Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Stand

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Zenner ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract Early release from competitors can be used to influence the species composition, quality, and rate of development of young stands. Release strategies can vary in intensity, ranging from complete removal of competitors and infrequent future entries (early, heavy, infrequent [EHI]) to lighter entries that are repeated more frequently (early, light, often [ELO]). It is unclear, however, which strategy is more successful for producing high-quality birch sawtimber (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) in mixed stands with aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). We evaluated the effects of various release intensities on the growth and mortality of a 16–18-ft-tall natural aspen–paper birch stand in Minnesota following density reductions from 1,500–3,000 trees ac−1 (trees per acre [TPA]) to 750 (ELO750), 500 (EHI500), and 250 (EHI250) TPA. After 6 years, paper birch was overtopped by aspen and contributed only 14% of basal area in control plots, but it occupied all diameter classes and contributed 77–87% of basal area in release plots. The basal area and volume of all paper birch and of only paper birch crop trees (100 largest TPA) were highest in lightly released ELO750 and lowest in control plots. Growth of mean quadratic diameter, basal area, and volume of paper birch was 2–3 times higher in release plots but independent of release intensity. Early release is necessary to maintain paper birch dominance, but there is no short-term advantage among treatment intensities. Long-term growth simulations using the Forest Vegetation Simulator suggest that merchantable timber production was unaffected by release strategy but that the EHI250 strategy produced the most birch sawtimber (40 times as much as in ELO750).

Effect of spatial scale on habitat use of Bolitotherus cornutus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Teichert ◽  
Soren Bondrup-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Fomes Fomentarius ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Bolitotherus Cornutus ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractThe habitat of Bolitotherus cornutus Panzer consists primarily of sporophores of the shelf fungus Fomes fomentarius (L.:Fr.) J. Kickx fil. Each sporophore is discrete and often several are present on a single dead log or standing snag, especially of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.). An exploratory approach was used to examine habitat use at three scales (the single sporophore, a single log supporting up to several sporophores, and a group of logs supporting sporophores) by modeling incidence of adult B. cornutus. Sporophore volume and decay were important for the beetles at all scales. Patches containing a variety of states of sporophores from alive to dead and decomposing are probably most suitable to B. cornutus. Results are compared with those for the related European beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus (L.), which is similar ecologically and also occupies F. fomentarius sporophores.

Paper birch (Betula papyrifera) shoot selection by moose (Alces alces) following a forest-cleaning experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy V. Rea ◽  
Dexter P. Hodder ◽  
Olav Hjeljord ◽  
Angelika Langen
Keyword(s):  
Alces Alces ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Paper Birch
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