37 Drugs that act on the immune system: cytokines and monoclonal antibodies

The recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), with several cellular targets, such as CD-38 (daratumumab and isatuximab) and SLAM F7 (elotuzumab), differently combined with other classes of agents, has significantly extended the outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in different phases of the disease. Initially used in advanced/refractory patients, different MoAbs combination have been introduced in the treatment of newly diagnosed transplant eligible patients (NDTEMM), showing a significant improvement in the depth of the response and in survival outcomes, without a significant price in terms of toxicity. In smoldering MM, MoAbs have been applied, either alone or in combination with other drugs, with the goal of delaying the progression to active MM and restoring the immune system. In this review, we will focus on the main results achieved so far and on the main on-going trials using MoAbs in SMM and NDTEMM.

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Feasibility studies of using the Catfish Immune System to produce monoclonal antibodies

10.2172/6714970 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

T.M. Poston

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Immune System ◽

Feasibility Studies

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Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: An Update

Breast Cancer Basic and Clinical Research ◽

10.1177/1178223418774802 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 117822341877480 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Issam Makhoul ◽

Mohammad Atiq ◽

Ahmed Alwbari ◽

Thomas Kieber-Emmons

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Immune Response ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Immune System ◽

Cancer Vaccines ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Cancer Surveillance ◽

Cancer Disease ◽

Immune Attack

The immune system plays a major role in cancer surveillance. Harnessing its power to treat many cancers is now a reality that has led to cures in hopeless situations where no other solutions were available from traditional anticancer drugs. These spectacular achievements rekindled the oncology community’s interest in extending the benefits to all cancers including breast cancer. The first section of this article reviews the biological foundations of the immune response to different subtypes of breast cancer and the ways cancer may overcome the immune attack leading to cancer disease. The second section is dedicated to the actual immune treatments including breast cancer vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and the “unconventional” immune role of chemotherapy.

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Biological therapy

Oxford Handbook of Cancer Nursing ◽

10.1093/med/9780198569244.003.0019 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 249-260

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Immune System ◽

Tumour Growth ◽

Biological Therapy ◽

Biological Therapies ◽

Natural Substances ◽

Anti Tumour Effect

Principles 250 Immunotherapy 252 Monoclonal antibodies 254 Other biological therapies 258 Biological therapies aim to produce an anti-tumour effect, either by activating the patient's immune system, or by administering natural substances present in the immune system as treatments. These treatments cause an immune response in the patient that eliminates or delays tumour growth....

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Reprogramming the Immune System for Peripheral Tolerance with CD4 and CD8 Monoclonal Antibodies

Immunological Reviews ◽

10.1111/j.1600-065x.1992.tb01423.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 129 (1) ◽

pp. 165-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Stephen P. Cobbold ◽

Shixin Qin ◽

Louise Y. W. Leong ◽

Gilly Martin ◽

Herman Waldmann

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Immune System ◽

Peripheral Tolerance

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NK cells and CD38: Implication for (Immuno)Therapy in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9030768 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 768 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renato Zambello ◽

Gregorio Barilà ◽

Sabrina Manni ◽

Francesco Piazza ◽

Gianpietro Semenzato

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Immune System ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Plasma Cell ◽

Potential Role ◽

Myeloma Cell ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Plasma Cell Dyscrasias

Immunotherapy represents a promising new avenue for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, particularly with the availability of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) as anti-CD38 Daratumumab and Isatuximab and anti-SLAM-F7 Elotuzumab. Although a clear NK activation has been demonstrated for Elotuzumab, the effect of anti-CD38 mAbs on NK system is controversial. As a matter of fact, an initial reduction of NK cells number characterizes Daratumumab therapy, limiting the potential role of this subset on myeloma immunotherapy. In this paper we discuss the role of NK cells along with anti-CD38 therapy and their implication in plasma cell dyscrasias, showing that mechanisms triggered by anti-CD38 mAbs ultimately lead to the activation of the immune system against myeloma cell growth.

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Immunogenicity of Innovative and Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibodies

Antibodies ◽

10.3390/antib8010021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Erik Doevendans ◽

Huub Schellekens

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Immune System ◽

First Generation ◽

Chimeric Antibodies ◽

Human Antibodies ◽

Limited Efficacy ◽

Hybridoma Technology ◽

Infusion Reactions ◽

Opening Up ◽

High Immunogenicity

The development of hybridoma technology for producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by Kohler and Milstein (1975) counts as one of the major medical breakthroughs, opening up endless possibilities for research, diagnosis and for treatment of a whole variety of diseases. Therapeutic mAbs were introduced three decades ago. The first generation of therapeutic mAbs of murine origin showed high immunogenicity, which limited efficacy and was associated with severe infusion reactions. Subsequently chimeric, humanized, and fully human antibodies were introduced as therapeutics, these mAbs were considerably less immunogenic. Unexpectedly humanized mAbs generally show similar immunogenicity as chimeric antibodies; based on sequence homology chimeric mAbs are sometimes more “human” than humanized mAbs. With the introduction of the regulatory concept of similar biological medicines (biosimilars) a key concern is the similarity in terms of immunogenicity of these biosimilars with their originators. This review focuses briefly on the mechanisms of induction of immunogenicity by biopharmaceuticals, mAbs in particular, in relation to the target of the immune system.

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The use of poly- and monoclonal antibodies to assess the state of the immune system

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/421/5/052002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 421 ◽

pp. 052002

Author(s):

I Yu Ezdakova ◽

O V Kapustina ◽

E V Popova ◽

A G Grigoriev ◽

V M Kovaikina

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Immune System ◽

The State

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Use of Anti-IL-17 Monoclonal Antibodies in HIV Patients with Erythrodermic Psoriasis

Case Reports in Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000508781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 132-137

Author(s):

Mary Catherine G. Pangilinan ◽

Peerada Sermswan ◽

Pravit Asawanonda

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Immune System ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Opportunistic Infection ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Skin Disease ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Erythrodermic Psoriasis ◽

Promising Treatment

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease with various presentations. HIV infection affects the immune system and aggravates psoriasis lesions. Therefore, psoriasis management in HIV patients poses a great challenge for dermatologists. In this report, 2 HIV patients with erythrodermic psoriasis received anti-IL-17 and experienced significant clearance of lesions. No recurrence or opportunistic infection was noted. In conclusion, anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibodies are an effective and promising treatment option for HIV-infected patients with psoriasis.

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