A diminished serotonin level influences the performance in a modified AX-continuous performance task in adult ADHD

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 430-430
Author(s):  
C. Mette ◽  
M. Grabemann ◽  
M. Zimmermann ◽  
M. Kraemer ◽  
F. Zepf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionAttention deficit disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder, which is characterized by deficits of executive functions (EF) and impulsivity. Whereas a variety of studies on the involvement of the dopaminergic system in ADHD exists, the impact of the serotonergic system to EF in ADHD in adults is underinvestigated.AimsTo ascertain the effects of rapid tryptophan depletion (RTD) and the resultant reduction of the central nervous levels of serotonin on the EF of male adult patients with ADHD.Methods20 ADHD patients and 20 healthy controls completed the RTD test on one day and a placebo on another day in a double-blind within subject crossover design.- In addition, the subtest alertness of the TAP and a modified Version of the Continuous performance test (AX-CPT) with three stimulus conditions (AX, AY, BX) were administered.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed significant shorter reaction times, more errors and more omission errors in the ADHD group in the AX-CPT. The omissions error rate increased in both groups in the RTD condition but not in the placebo condition. Statistical analyses did not yield any significant differences between groups in the subtest alertness and no significant interaction of group and effect of the RTD condition could be observed.ConclusionsIn addition to higher impulsivity of patients with ADHD as reflected by shorter reaction times and higher error rates, the results of the present study imply an involvement of the serotonergic system as reflected by RTD in sustained and selective attention.

Alcohol Increases Commission Error Rates for a Continuous Performance Test

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1342-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Dougherty ◽  
F. Gerard Moeller ◽  
Joel L. Steinberg ◽  
Dawn M. Marsh ◽  
Stella E. Hines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Continuous Performance

Effects of a diminished serotonin synthesis on memory and impulsive aggression in adult ADHD

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1299-1299
Author(s):  
M. Zimmermann ◽  
M. Grabemann ◽  
C. Mette ◽  
M. Kraemer ◽  
M. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Impulsive Aggression

IntroductionNumerous results from investigations including children with ADHD show associations between a diminished serotonin synthesis and memory impairments as well as higher aggression scores. The aim of the present study was the investigation of the association between a diminished serotonin synthesis, logical memory and impulsive aggression in male adult patients with ADHD.MethodTwenty male adult patients with ADHD and twenty healthy controls were recruited for this double-blind within subjects crossover study. Subjects completed the Rapid Tryptophan Depletion (RTD) Test or a placebo condition (balanced amino acid load) on either one of two examination days. Clinical variables and general intellectual functioning were assessed. The neuropsychological test battery included the subtest logical memory from the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R), self-assessment of aggression as well as the Point Subtraction Aggression Game (PSAG).ResultsStatistical analysis revealed significant memory impairments of ADHD patients, which were associated with severity of symptoms in early childhood as well as subjective aggression scores. Effects of the tryptophan depletion were not found, neither for the logical memory subtest nor performance in the PSAG.ConclusionsIn contrast to previous studies, these findings suggest that the serotonergic system as reflected by the RTD Test has no effect on memory performance or impulsive aggression. However, these results may be due to possible interactions of other catecholamine systems with the serotonergic system that were not controlled in this study. Therefore an additional study is needed to further explore the catecholamine systems and their effects on memory and impulsive aggression.

scholarly journals Continuous Performance Tasks: Not Just About Sustaining Attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hettie Roebuck ◽  
Claudia Freigang ◽  
Johanna G. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Tone Condition ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Continuous Performance Tasks

Purpose Continuous performance tasks (CPTs) are used to measure individual differences in sustained attention. Many different stimuli have been used as response targets without consideration of their impact on task performance. Here, we compared CPT performance in typically developing adults and children to assess the role of stimulus processing on error rates and reaction times. Method Participants completed a CPT that was based on response to infrequent targets, while monitoring and withholding responses to regular nontargets. Performance on 3 stimulus conditions was compared: visual letters (X and O), their auditory analogs, and auditory pure tones. Results Adults showed no difference in error propensity across the 3 conditions but had slower reaction times for auditory stimuli. Children had slower overall reaction times. They responded most quickly to the visual target and most slowly to the tone target. They also made more errors in the tone condition than in either the visual or the auditory spoken CPT conditions. Conclusions The results suggest error propensity and reaction time variations on CPTs cannot solely be interpreted as evidence of inattention. They also reflect stimulus-specific influences that must be considered when testing hypotheses about modality-specific deficits in sustained attention in populations with different developmental disorders.

Índice de desempeño para tareas de atención sostenida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
M. Francisco-Vicencio
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Evaluation Practice ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
The Given

Through this work, we explore the idea of a translational attentional index that can be utilized in cognitive evaluation practice as well as in other areas in the biomedical space. With the increase of virtual assistants developed for in-house rehabilitation session monitoring – such as wearables and computer vision (CV) based AI assistants –, the standardization of an index based on behavioral indicators is imperative to give them the ability to monitor the users’ engagement level in the given task to procure a safety and effective execution. We begin by exploring the indicators of attention obtained from a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) – a standardized tool utilized in cognitive evaluation – where we detect shortcomings that cannot be translated to daily life scenarios where this index is intended to be used. We propose then an index that is computed based on common indicators that can be found in daily tasks (Correct Responses and Reaction Times) by weighting their contributions equally and bidirectionally penalizing variability on responses recorded. We close with presenting the information the new index can group from common indicators and that can be easily interpreted in a quick sight by different professionals in the biomedical space compared with the typical analysis of attentional levels obtained from a CPT.

scholarly journals Attention and Response Control in ADHD. Evaluation through Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test.

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Moreno-García ◽  
Gracia Delgado-Pardo ◽  
Carmen Roldán-Blasco
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Response Control ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis study assesses attention and response control through visual and auditory stimuli in a primary care pediatric sample. The sample consisted of 191 participants aged between 7 and 13 years old. It was divided into 2 groups: (a) 90 children with ADHD, according to diagnostic (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2002) and clinical (ADHD Rating Scale-IV) (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos, & Reid, 1998) criteria, and (b) 101 children without a history of ADHD. The aims were: (a) to determine and compare the performance of both groups in attention and response control, (b) to identify attention and response control deficits in the ADHD group. Assessments were carried out using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT, Sandford & Turner, 2002). Results showed that the ADHD group had visual and auditory attention deficits, F(3, 170) = 14.38; p < .01, deficits in fine motor regulation (Welch´s t-test = 44.768; p < .001) and sensory/motor activity (Welch’st-test = 95.683, p < .001; Welch’s t-test = 79.537, p < .001). Both groups exhibited a similar performance in response control, F(3, 170) = .93, p = .43.Children with ADHD showed inattention, mental processing speed deficits, and loss of concentration with visual stimuli. Both groups yielded a better performance in attention with auditory stimuli.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Heat and Lighting on the Level of Attention and Reaction Time: Climate Chamber Experiments in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zohreh Mohebian ◽  
Somayeh Farhang Dehghan ◽  
Habiballah Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Selective Reaction ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Reaction Time Test

Heat exposure and unsuitable lighting are two physical hazardous agents in many workplaces for which there are some evidences regarding their mental effects. The purpose of this study was to assess the combined effect of heat exposure and different lighting levels on the attention rate and reaction time in a climatic chamber. This study was conducted on 33 healthy students (17 M/16 F) with a mean (±SD) age of22.1±2.3years. The attention and reaction time test were done by continuous performance test and the RT meter, respectively, in different exposure conditions including the dry temperatures (22°C and 37°C) and lighting levels (200, 500, and 1500 lux). Findings demonstrated that increase in heat and lighting level caused a decrease in average attention percentage and correct responses and increase in commission error, omission error, and response time (P<0.05). The average of simple, diagnostic, two-color selective, and two-sound selective reaction times increased after combined exposure to heat and lighting (P<0.05). The results of this study indicated that, in job task which requires using cognitive functions like attention, vigilance, concentration, cautiousness, and reaction time, the work environment must be optimized in terms of heat and lighting level.

scholarly journals Computational dissociation of dopaminergic and cholinergic effects on action selection and inhibitory control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. Aponte ◽  
Dario Schöbi ◽  
Klaas E. Stephan ◽  
Jakob Heinzle
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractBackgroundPatients with schizophrenia make more errors than healthy subjects on the antisaccade task. In this paradigm, participants are required to inhibit a reflexive saccade to a target and to select the correct action (a saccade in the opposite direction). While the precise origin of this deficit is not clear, it has been connected to aberrant dopaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation.MethodsTo study the impact of dopamine and acetylcholine on inhibitory control and action selection, we administered two selective drugs (levodopa 200mg/galantamine 8mg) to healthy volunteers (N=100) performing the antisaccade task. A computational model (SERIA) was employed to separate the contribution of inhibitory control and action selection to empirical reaction times and error rates.ResultsModeling suggested that levodopa improved action selection (at the cost of increased reaction times) but did not have a significant effect on inhibitory control. By contrast, according to our model, galantamine affected inhibitory control in a dose dependent fashion, reducing inhibition failures at low doses and increasing them at higher levels. These effects were sufficiently specific that the computational analysis allowed for identifying the drug administered to an individual with 70% accuracy.ConclusionsOur results do not support the hypothesis that elevated tonic dopamine strongly impairs inhibitory control. Rather levodopa improved the ability to select correct actions. Instead, inhibitory control was modulated by cholinergic drugs. This approach may provide a starting point for future computational assays that differentiate neuromodulatory abnormalities in heterogeneous diseases like schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A-10 Conners Continuous Performance Test-3 in the Evaluation of ADHD Among Veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-869
Author(s):  
M Stern ◽  
R Shura
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Interval Change ◽  
Conners Continuous Performance Test

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare performance on the Conners Continuous Performance Test, third edition (CPT-3), between veterans with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between presentation types. Method This is a retrospective chart review of 226 consecutively referred veterans who completed a standardized, ADHD assessment at a Mid-Atlantic VA Medical Center. ADHD status was determined from a structured interview; all included subjects completed the CPT-3 and validity measures. ANOVA was used to evaluate group differences in T scores across 9 CPT-3 variables. Chi square was used to further evaluate group differences using impairment ranges in the CPT-3 manual. Results Final valid sample included 85 veterans with and 54 without ADHD. Veterans with ADHD only showed significantly higher T scores on Hit Reaction Time Standard Deviation, F(1, 137) = 7.7, p = .006, η2 = 0.05, and Hit Reaction Times Inter-Stimulus Interval Change (HRT-ISIC), F(1, 137) = 12.8, p < .001, η2 = 0.09. Veterans diagnosed with ADHD showed higher percentages of scores classified in the impaired ranges for Commissions χ2(1) = 4.3 (p < .039, V = 0.18) and HRT-ISIC χ2(1) = 4.5 (p < .035, V = 0.18). Neither ANOVA or χ2 analyses revealed group differences between ADHD presentations for any CPT-3 measures. Conclusions Performance on the CPT-3 was poorer in the ADHD group only for 2 of 9 scores. The CPT-3 was consistently unable to differentiate inattentive from hyperactive/combined ADHD. Diagnostic utility of the CPT-3 in ADHD evaluations may be limited in veteran populations.

Commission Error Rates on a Continuous Performance Test Are Related to Deficits Measured by the Benton Visual Retention Test

Assessment ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Dougherty ◽  
Charles W. Mathias ◽  
Dawn M. Marsh ◽  
Kevin W. Greve ◽  
James M. Bjork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Test ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Benton Visual Retention Test

This study is one in a series investigating the relationship between impulsive behavior on a Continuous Performance Test (i.e., the Immediate and Delayed Memory Task) and other cognitive deficits measured by clinical instruments. Forty-two adolescents were selected for two groups, controls and hospitalized patients with disruptive behavior disorders. Each adolescent completed the Immediate and Delayed Memory Task and the Benton Visual Retention Test. Our main findings were that, even when controlling for IQ, the Immediate and Delayed Memory Task commission errors were associated with adverse Benton performance, but only in the patient group. These results may be explained by a shared association between processes of impulsivity and other deficits of executive control that may interfere with successful performance of the Benton.

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