Effect of new GABA-B antagonist CGP 71982 on GHBL-induced kindling and on shuttle box active avoidance in mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. S46
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Shuttle Box

scholarly journals The weakly electric fish, Apteronotus albifrons, actively avoids experimentally induced hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Mucha ◽  
Lauren J. Chapman ◽  
Rüdiger Krahe
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weakly Electric Fish ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Electric Organ Discharges ◽  
Weakly Electric

AbstractAnthropogenic environmental degradation has led to an increase in the frequency and prevalence of aquatic hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen concentration, DO), which may affect habitat quality for water-breathing fishes. The weakly electric black ghost knifefish, Apteronotus albifrons, is typically found in well-oxygenated freshwater habitats in South America. Using a shuttle-box design, we exposed juvenile A. albifrons to a stepwise decline in DO from normoxia (> 95% air saturation) to extreme hypoxia (10% air saturation) in one compartment and chronic normoxia in the other. On average, A. albifrons actively avoided the hypoxic compartment below 22% air saturation. Hypoxia avoidance was correlated with upregulated swimming activity. Following avoidance, fish regularly ventured back briefly into deep hypoxia. Hypoxia did not affect the frequency of their electric organ discharges. Our results show that A. albifrons is able to sense hypoxia at non-lethal levels and uses active avoidance to mitigate its adverse effects.

Effects of Standarized Ginseng Extract on Learning, Memory and Physical Capabilites

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.D. Petkov ◽  
A.H. Mosharrof
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Nootropic Drugs ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Box Method ◽  
Improved Learning

Standardized ginseng extract (G115, Pharmaton, Lugano) was administered orally at doses of 3,10,30,100 and 300 mg/kg for 10 days as ten rats were used wtih each dose. With the "shuttle-box" method for active avoidance most pronounced effect on learning and memory was obtained by the dose of 10 mg/kg. With the "step-down" method for passive avoidance the dose of 30 mg/kg significantly improved retention. In the staircase maze training with positive (alimentary) reinforcement only the dose of 10 mg/kg significantly improved learning and memory. The dose of 100 mg/kg greatly increased the locomotor activity of mice. The results show that ginseng at appropriate doses improves learning, memory and physical capabilities. Bell-shaped dose-effect curves, reported with other nootropic drugs, were obtained.

scholarly journals Appetitive conditioning task in a shuttle box and its comparison with the active avoidance paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
Daniil Sergeevich Berezhnoy ◽  
Tatiana Aleksandrovna Zamorina ◽  
Anatoly Nikolaevich Inozemtsev
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Appetitive Conditioning ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm

scholarly journals A Modified Two-Way Active Avoidance Test for Combined Contextual and Auditory Instrumental Conditioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssein Salah ◽  
Ronza Abdel Rassoul ◽  
Yasser Medlej ◽  
Rita Asdikian ◽  
Helene Hajjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Instrumental Conditioning ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
White Stripe ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Retention Testing ◽  
Modified Test ◽  
Active Avoidance Test

Available two-way active avoidance paradigms do not provide contextual testing, likely due to challenges in performing repetitive trials of context exposure. To incorporate contextual conditioning in the two-way shuttle box, we contextually modified one of the chambers of a standard two-chamber rat shuttle box with visual cues consisting of objects and black and white stripe patterns. During the 5 training days, electrical foot shocks were delivered every 10 s in the contextually modified chamber but were signaled by a tone in the plain chamber. Shuttling between chambers prevented an incoming foot shock (avoidance) or aborted an ongoing one (escape). During contextual retention testing, rats were allowed to freely roam in the box. During auditory retention testing, visual cues were removed, and tone-signaled shocks were delivered in both chambers. Avoidance gradually replaced escape or freezing behaviors reaching 80% on the last training day in both chambers. Rats spent twice more time in the plain chamber during contextual retention testing and had 90% avoidance rates during auditory retention testing. Our modified test successfully assesses both auditory and contextual two-way active avoidance. By efficiently expanding its array of outcomes, our novel test will complement standard two-way active avoidance in mechanistic studies and will improve its applications in translational research.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ZINC ALIMENTARY TREATMENT ON NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL MOTOR BEHAVIOR OF RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
A.F. Yakimovskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Spontaneous Movement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Avoidance Reflex ◽  
Behavior Of Rats

Chronic experiments were performed on rats to study the influence of prolonged acetic zinc alimentary treatment on normal (spontaneous movement in “open field and condition active avoidance reflex in “shuttle box”) and abnormal (choreomyoclonic hyperkinesia, produced by intrastriatal microinjections GABA-A receptors antagonist picrotoxin  2 mcg) motor behavior. 4 mg acetic zinc is used by rats with food ball once a day. 12 mg zinc сonsumption by rats per week did not affected on normal behavior. While 24 mg is produced smaller negative effects on rats reflex performance to 6570% correct responses (of total present during the experiment) but to improved condition avoidance behavior, violated by picrotoxinin rats and reduce the reproducibility of picrotoxin-induced choreo-mioclonic hyperkinesis (human Huntington disease hyperkinesis analog). The influence of zinc on motor behavior depending on its dose and mode of administration is discussed.

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