scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ZINC ALIMENTARY TREATMENT ON NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL MOTOR BEHAVIOR OF RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
A.F. Yakimovskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Spontaneous Movement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Avoidance Reflex ◽  
Behavior Of Rats

Chronic experiments were performed on rats to study the influence of prolonged acetic zinc alimentary treatment on normal (spontaneous movement in “open field and condition active avoidance reflex in “shuttle box”) and abnormal (choreomyoclonic hyperkinesia, produced by intrastriatal microinjections GABA-A receptors antagonist picrotoxin  2 mcg) motor behavior. 4 mg acetic zinc is used by rats with food ball once a day. 12 mg zinc сonsumption by rats per week did not affected on normal behavior. While 24 mg is produced smaller negative effects on rats reflex performance to 6570% correct responses (of total present during the experiment) but to improved condition avoidance behavior, violated by picrotoxinin rats and reduce the reproducibility of picrotoxin-induced choreo-mioclonic hyperkinesis (human Huntington disease hyperkinesis analog). The influence of zinc on motor behavior depending on its dose and mode of administration is discussed.

scholarly journals The weakly electric fish, Apteronotus albifrons, actively avoids experimentally induced hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Mucha ◽  
Lauren J. Chapman ◽  
Rüdiger Krahe
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weakly Electric Fish ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Electric Organ Discharges ◽  
Weakly Electric

AbstractAnthropogenic environmental degradation has led to an increase in the frequency and prevalence of aquatic hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen concentration, DO), which may affect habitat quality for water-breathing fishes. The weakly electric black ghost knifefish, Apteronotus albifrons, is typically found in well-oxygenated freshwater habitats in South America. Using a shuttle-box design, we exposed juvenile A. albifrons to a stepwise decline in DO from normoxia (> 95% air saturation) to extreme hypoxia (10% air saturation) in one compartment and chronic normoxia in the other. On average, A. albifrons actively avoided the hypoxic compartment below 22% air saturation. Hypoxia avoidance was correlated with upregulated swimming activity. Following avoidance, fish regularly ventured back briefly into deep hypoxia. Hypoxia did not affect the frequency of their electric organ discharges. Our results show that A. albifrons is able to sense hypoxia at non-lethal levels and uses active avoidance to mitigate its adverse effects.

Preemptive Analgesic Effects of Steroid Anesthesia with Alphaxalone in the Rat Formalin Test

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Gilron ◽  
Terence J. Coderre
Keyword(s):  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Formalin Injection ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Behavior Of Rats

Background The role of preemptive treatment with volatile and intravenous anesthetics has been examined in previous studies using the rat formalin test. Evidence describing analgesic properties of the gamma-amino butyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) steroid anesthetics, such as alphaxalone, suggest that they may suppress the development of central sensitization to pain. This study examined the preemptive effects of phaxalone in comparison with other GABAergic anesthetics, propofol and pentobarbital. Methods The pain behavior of rats was evaluated (using the previously validated weighted scores method of behavioral rating) 15-60 min after subcutaneous hind paw injection of 50 microg 1.5% formalin. In each trial, anesthetics and their respective vehicles were administered by tail-vein injection either 0.5-10 min before or 5 min after, formalin injection. When analgesic effects were observed with any of these agents, further studies were conducted with a GABA(A) receptor antagonist in an attempt to confirm a specific receptor-mediated action of the agent. Results Alphaxalone pretreatment produced transient analgesia in the early part of phase 2, which was not observed in rats posttreated with alphaxalone. The analgesic effect of alphaxalone was antagonized by picrotoxin, as well. Neither pentobarbital nor propofol showed any analgesic effects at the doses used in our study. Conclusions Whereas alphaxalone was shown to produce preemptive analgesia through its action at the GABA(A) receptor, pentobarbital and propofol, which also are known to act at this site, showed no analgesic effects. The diversity of receptor subtypes and functional complexity of GABA(A) receptors is such that steroid anesthetics may have effects that are different from other GABAergic agents. Further research into the role of progesterone metabolites and steroid anesthetics in the prevention of central sensitization may have clinical implications for the treatment of acute or chronic pain.

scholarly journals Ganglioside GM1 induces phosphorylation of mutant huntingtin and restores normal motor behavior in Huntington disease mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 3528-3533 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Pardo ◽  
V. Maglione ◽  
M. Alpaugh ◽  
M. Horkey ◽  
R. S. Atwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Mutant Huntingtin ◽  
Ganglioside Gm1

Effects of Standarized Ginseng Extract on Learning, Memory and Physical Capabilites

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.D. Petkov ◽  
A.H. Mosharrof
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Nootropic Drugs ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Box Method ◽  
Improved Learning

Standardized ginseng extract (G115, Pharmaton, Lugano) was administered orally at doses of 3,10,30,100 and 300 mg/kg for 10 days as ten rats were used wtih each dose. With the "shuttle-box" method for active avoidance most pronounced effect on learning and memory was obtained by the dose of 10 mg/kg. With the "step-down" method for passive avoidance the dose of 30 mg/kg significantly improved retention. In the staircase maze training with positive (alimentary) reinforcement only the dose of 10 mg/kg significantly improved learning and memory. The dose of 100 mg/kg greatly increased the locomotor activity of mice. The results show that ginseng at appropriate doses improves learning, memory and physical capabilities. Bell-shaped dose-effect curves, reported with other nootropic drugs, were obtained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document