Control of postharvest decay of apple fruit by Aureobasidium pullulans and induction of defense responses

Botryosphaeria dothidea causes apple ring rot, which is among the most prevalent postharvest diseases of apples and causes significant economic loss during storage. In this study, we investigated the biocontrol activity and possible mechanism of Bacillus velezensis strain P2-1 isolated from apple branches against B. dothidea in postharvest apple fruit. The results showed strain P2-1, one of the 80 different endophytic bacterial strains from apple branches, exhibited strong inhibitory effects against B. dothidea growth and resulted in hyphal deformity. B. velezensis P2-1 treatment significantly reduced the ring rot caused by B. dothidea. Additionally, the supernatant of strain P2-1 exhibited antifungal activity against B. dothidea. Re-isolation assay indicated the capability of strain P2-1 to colonize and survive in apple fruit. PCR and qRT-PCR assays revealed that strain P2-1 harbored the gene clusters required for biosynthesis of antifungal lipopeptides and polyketides. Strain P2-1 treatment significantly enhanced the expression levels of pathogenesis-related genes (MdPR1 and MdPR5) but did not significantly affect apple fruit qualities (measured in fruit firmness, titratable acid, ascorbic acid, and soluble sugar). Thus, our results suggest that B. velezensis strain P2-1 is a biocontrol agent against B. dothidea-induced apple postharvest decay. It acts partially by inhibiting mycelial growth of B. dothidea, secreting antifungal substances, and inducing apple defense responses.

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Draft Genome Sequence of Penicillium expansum Strain R19, Which Causes Postharvest Decay of Apple Fruit

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00635-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. Yu ◽

W. M. Jurick ◽

H. Cao ◽

Y. Yin ◽

V. L. Gaskins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Draft Genome Sequence ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Postharvest Decay

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Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Aspects of the Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea by Candida saitoana in Apple Fruit

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1998.88.4.282 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 282-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

Ahmed El-Ghaouth ◽

Charles L. Wilson ◽

Michael Wisniewski

Keyword(s):

Host Cell ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Close Contact ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Biocontrol Activity ◽

Apple Tissue

Biocontrol activity of Candida saitoana and its interaction with Botrytis cinerea in apple wounds were investigated. When cultured together, yeast attached to Botrytis sp. hyphal walls. In wounded apple tissue, C. saitoana restricted the proliferation of B. cinerea, multiplied, and suppressed disease caused by either B. cinerea or Penicillium expansum. In inoculated apple tissue without the yeast, fungal colonization caused an extensive degradation of host walls and altered cellulose labeling patterns. Hyphae in close proximity to the antagonistic yeast exhibited severe cytological injury, such as cell wall swelling and protoplasm degeneration. Colonization of the wound site by C. saitoana did not cause degradation of host cell walls. Host cell walls in close contact with C. saitoana cells and B. cinerea hyphae were well preserved and displayed an intense and regular cellulose labeling pattern. In addition to restricting fungal colonization, C. saitoana induced the formation of structural defense responses in apple tissue. The ability of C. saitoana to prevent the necrotrophic growth of the pathogen and stimulate structural defense responses may be the basis of its biocontrol activity.

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Laboratory effect of Boni Protect containing Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnoud in the control of some fungal diseases of apple fruit

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 77-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna Wagner ◽

Beata Hetman ◽

Marek Kopacki ◽

Agnieszka Jamiołkowska ◽

Paweł Krawiec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Blue Mold ◽

Monilinia Fructigena ◽

Control Product ◽

Grey Mold ◽

Apple Cultivars

The efficacy of Aureobasidium pullulans (in the biopreparation Boni Protect) against different pathogens of apples (Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructigena, Penicillium expansum, and Pezicula malicorticis) was evaluated under laboratory con- ditions. The biocontrol product was applied at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.5%. Fruits of apple cultivars 'Jonagold Decosta' and 'Pinova' were used. Boni Protect was very effective against B. cinerea on cv. 'Jonagold Decosta', reducing disease incidence by 55–83.8%. On 'Pinova' apples, this biological control product was the most efficient at earlier stages of the experiment. It inhibited grey mold by 65% after 5 days from inoculation and only by 14% after 20 days. On cv. 'Jonagold Decosta', Boni Protect at a concentration of 0.1% was also effective against M. fructigena, reducing brown rot by 31.4–74.5%, but its efficiency on cv. 'Pinova' was not significant. Blue mold caused by P. expansum was inhibited only slightly by the biocontrol product, while P. malicorticis proved to be the most resistant to its antagonistic abilities.

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Postharvest Decay of Winter Pear and Apple Fruit Caused by Species ofPenicillium

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-85-103 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

P. Sanderson

Keyword(s):

Apple Fruit ◽

Postharvest Decay

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Exogenous bamboo pyroligneous acid improves antioxidant capacity and primes defense responses of harvested apple fruit

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 ◽

pp. 110191

Author(s):

Xiaoyun Liu ◽

Jiangkuo Li ◽

Xiaomin Cui ◽

Dongchao Ji ◽

Yong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Pyroligneous Acid

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Control of Postharvest Decay of Apple Fruit with Candida saitoana and Induction of Defense Responses

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2003.93.3.344 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 344-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

Ahmed El Ghaouth ◽

Charles L. Wilson ◽

Michael Wisniewski

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Induce Systemic Resistance ◽

Lesion Development ◽

Glucanase Activity ◽

Induce Resistance ◽

Lag Period

The ability of Candida saitoana to induce systemic resistance in apple fruit against Botrytis cinerea was investigated. To separate the antagonistic activity of C. saitoana from its ability to induce resistance, the antagonist and the pathogen were applied in spatially separated wounds. In fresh apples, C. saitoana applied 0 or 24 h before inoculation with B. cinerea showed no effect on lesion development caused by B. cinerea. When applied 48 to 72 h preinoculation with B. cinerea, however, C. saitoana reduced lesion diameter by more than 50 and 70%, respectively, compared with wounding. C. saitoana had no effect on lesion development on stored apples, regardless of the lag period between yeast treatment and inoculation with B. cinerea. In addition to inducing systemic resistance, C. saitoana increased chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities with a higher accumulation in fresh than in stored apples. In fresh apples, the onset of systemic resistance to B. cinerea coincided with the increase in chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity in systemically protected tissue. These studies show that C. saitoana is capable of inducing systemic resistance in apple fruit and indirectly suggest that antifungal hydrolases are involved in the observed systemic protection.

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