Meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials in oncology

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Pignon ◽  
Catherine Hill
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analyses

scholarly journals Does Methylphenidate Work in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-443
Author(s):  
Johanne Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
Emma Jasmine Arthur ◽  
Christian Gluud ◽  
Erik Simonsen ◽  
Ole Jakob Storebø
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trials ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder diagnosed in increasing proportions of children and adolescents. The psychostimulant methylphenidate has been considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD for more than 60 years. Considering recent publications on methylphenidate for ADHD, we here give an overview of its effects in children and adolescents with ADHD, elicited by a well-disputed Cochrane review and narratively synthesise the evidence in the field. Method: We searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that investigated methylphenidate as an intervention for children and adolescence with ADHD compared with placebo or no treatment. We assessed the quality of the evidence using AMSTAR II. Results: We found 24 eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses of which 11 were rated as high- quality evidence according to AMSTAR II. The evidence claiming that methylphenidate is beneficial in treating children and adolescents with ADHD was of very low certainty. The underreporting of adverse events in randomised clinical trials may impede an adequate depiction of the balance between benefits and harms. Conclusions: It appears that there is uncertain evidence on group-level to support the claim that methylphenidate is beneficial in treating children and adolescents with ADHD. Future randomised clinical trials and systematic reviews should include individual participant data, which would allow us to assess intervention effects across modifiers, like age, sex, ADHD subtypes, comorbidities, and dose.

scholarly journals Comments on: Comparison of metformin and insulin versus insulin alone for type 2 diabetes: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Sequential Analyses

Comments on: Vaag A, Gluud C, Lund SS, Almdal T.Comparison of metformin and insulin versus insulin alone for type 2 diabetes: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses. BMJ. 2012 Apr 19;344:e1771

scholarly journals Treatments for subacute cough in primary care: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (675) ◽  
pp. e694-e702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Speich ◽  
Anja Thomer ◽  
Soheila Aghlmandi ◽  
Hannah Ewald ◽  
Andreas Zeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundSubacute cough following a non-specific viral infection lasting 3–8 weeks is common. However, despite many treatment options there are no systematic reviews evaluating these.AimTo provide a systematic overview of treatment options and outcomes evaluated in randomised clinical trials (RCTs).Design and settingSystematic review and meta-analyses assessing the overall effects of any treatment for subacute cough.MethodThe authors systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (last search March 2017) for RCTs in adult patients with subacute cough. The authors considered trials evaluating any outcome of any drug or non-drug treatments, apart from traditional Chinese and Asian medicines. They combined treatment effects on cough-related outcomes in random effects meta-analyses.ResultsSix eligible RCTs including 724 patients were identified. These assessed montelukast, salbutamol plus ipratropium bromide, gelatine, fluticasone propionate, budesonide, and nociception opioid 1 receptor agonist and codeine. Five studies reported effects on various cough severity scores at various timepoints. No treatment option was associated with a clear benefit on cough recovery or other patient-relevant outcomes in any of the studies or in meta-analyses for cough outcomes at 14 days and 28 days. Reported adverse events were rather mild and reported for 14% of patients across all treatments.ConclusionEvidence on treatment options for subacute cough is weak. There is no treatment showing clear patient-relevant benefits in clinical trials.

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