scholarly journals Treatments for subacute cough in primary care: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (675) ◽  
pp. e694-e702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Speich ◽  
Anja Thomer ◽  
Soheila Aghlmandi ◽  
Hannah Ewald ◽  
Andreas Zeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundSubacute cough following a non-specific viral infection lasting 3–8 weeks is common. However, despite many treatment options there are no systematic reviews evaluating these.AimTo provide a systematic overview of treatment options and outcomes evaluated in randomised clinical trials (RCTs).Design and settingSystematic review and meta-analyses assessing the overall effects of any treatment for subacute cough.MethodThe authors systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (last search March 2017) for RCTs in adult patients with subacute cough. The authors considered trials evaluating any outcome of any drug or non-drug treatments, apart from traditional Chinese and Asian medicines. They combined treatment effects on cough-related outcomes in random effects meta-analyses.ResultsSix eligible RCTs including 724 patients were identified. These assessed montelukast, salbutamol plus ipratropium bromide, gelatine, fluticasone propionate, budesonide, and nociception opioid 1 receptor agonist and codeine. Five studies reported effects on various cough severity scores at various timepoints. No treatment option was associated with a clear benefit on cough recovery or other patient-relevant outcomes in any of the studies or in meta-analyses for cough outcomes at 14 days and 28 days. Reported adverse events were rather mild and reported for 14% of patients across all treatments.ConclusionEvidence on treatment options for subacute cough is weak. There is no treatment showing clear patient-relevant benefits in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials of Acupressure Therapy for Primary Dysmenorrhea

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-ru Jiang ◽  
Shuang Ni ◽  
Jin-long Li ◽  
Miao-miao Liu ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Central Register

The evidence of acupressure is limited in the management of dysmenorrhea. To evaluate the efficacy of acupressure in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we searched MEDLINE, the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases from inception until March 2012. Two reviewers independently selected articles and extracted data. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1 software. Eight RCTs were identified from the retrieved 224 relevant records. Acupressure improved pain measured with VAS (−1.41 cm 95% CI [−1.61, −1.21]), SF-MPQ at the 3-month followup (WMD −2.33, 95% CI [−4.11, −0.54]) and 6-month followup (WMD −4.67, 95% CI [−7.30, −2.04]), and MDQ at the 3-month followup (WMD −2.31, 95% CI [−3.74, −0.87]) and 6-month followup (WMD −4.67, 95% CI [−7.30, −2.04]). All trials did not report adverse events. These results were limited by the methodological flaws of trials.

scholarly journals Acupuncture in oncological pain relief: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Marcos Dalmedico ◽  
Caroline Machado de Toledo ◽  
Paula Karina Hembecker ◽  
Juliana Londero Silva Ávila ◽  
Chayane Karla Lucena de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Analgesic Use

Abstract Introduction: Cancer pain has a considerable impact on patients’ health and quality of life, and its treatment is essentially based on opioid use. Objective: To report the effectiveness of acupuncture in relieving cancer pain (secondary to the disease or to the corresponding therapy) or in decreasing opioid use compared to other interventions. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted following the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The trials were selected from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases. Results: The search strategy resulted in the inclusion of eight trials, of which five compared acupuncture and drug therapy and three compared acupuncture and placebo. Seven trials reported decreased pain and analgesic use. The trials showed clinical heterogeneity, making a meta-analysis unfeasible. Conclusion: The findings herein provided no robust evidence to support the routine use of acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cancer pain. However, its use is promising since the results showed a trend toward decreased pain and analgesic use, thus justifying further studies in the future.

scholarly journals Lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Verdugo-Paiva ◽  
Ariel Izcovich ◽  
Martín Ragusa ◽  
Gabriel Rada
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Meta Analyses

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.DesignThis is the protocol of a living systematic review.Data sourcesWe will conduct searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature and in a centralised repository in L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L·OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customised to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. The search will cover the period until the day before submission to a journal.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies and methodsWe adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question.We will include randomised trials evaluating the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir— as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs — versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Randomised trials evaluating lopinavir/ritonavir in infections caused by other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomised studies in COVID-19 will be searched in case no direct evidence from randomised trials is found, or if the direct evidence provides low- or very low-certainty for critical outcomes.Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. We will perform random-effects meta-analyses and use GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome.A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it if the conclusions change or there are substantial updates.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of this review will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks and traditional media.PROSPERO RegistrationSubmitted to PROSPERO (awaiting ID allocation).

scholarly journals Effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Mandibular Rotation—A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chhutani ◽  
Sonali Deshmukh ◽  
Sandeep Jethe ◽  
Sanket Agarkar ◽  
Sujata Yerawadekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry

Objective: To evaluate the effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on mandibular rotation. Materials and Method: A systematic review of articles selected from 4 electronic databases—PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinical Trials Registry, and Google Scholar—was carried out. Additional studies were hand-searched and retrieved from the reference lists of relevant articles. Studies published till August, 2019, were included in this study. Results: A total of 28 articles were identified through electronic database searching. 16 articles were obtained after elimination of duplicates which were then screened. Full-text articles were assessed according to the eligibility criteria. 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 14 clinical trials (CTs) were identified for inclusion in the review. These studies effectively highlighted the effect of RME on mandibular rotation, primarily in the clockwise direction. Conclusion: There is a moderate sum of evidence to illustrate the effect of RME on mandibular rotation. It can be concluded that RME brings about clockwise rotation of the mandible, ie in downward and backward directions, thereby increasing the lower anterior facial height. This effect could be attributed to the vertical maxillary movement and the extrusion of the maxillary molars.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Adjunctive Treatments Added to Olanzapine or Clozapine for Weight Control in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives. This study was conducted to review systematically adjunctive treatments for weight reduction in patients with schizophrenia and compare efficacies of clinical trials through meta-analysis, so as to provide effective clinical guideline regarding weight control for patients taking atypical antipsychotics.Methods. Candidate clinical trials were identified through searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Fourteen randomized clinical trials were included for systematic review and meta-analysis from 132 potential trials. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 was used for meta-analysis.Results. Difference in means and significances from meta-analyses regarding weight control by adjunctive treatments showed that topiramate, aripiprazole, or sibutramine was more effective than metformin or reboxetine. Psychiatric evaluations did not show statistically significant changes between treatment groups and placebo groups except topiramate adjunctive treatments. Adverse effects regarding adjunctive therapies were tolerable and showed statistically no significances compared to control groups.Conclusion. Though having several reports related to exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms, topiramate and aripiprazole are more efficacious than other medications in regard to weight reduction and less burden of critical adverse effects as well as being beneficial for clinical improvement.

scholarly journals Impact of Tumor–Stroma Ratio on the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlai Gao ◽  
Zhangguo Shen ◽  
Zaixing Deng ◽  
Lina Mei
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Treatment Optimization ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundIt is critical to develop a reliable and cost-effective prognostic tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) stratification and treatment optimization. Tumor–stroma ratio (TSR) may be a promising indicator of poor prognosis in CRC patients. As a result, we conducted a systematic review on the predictive value of TSR in CRC.MethodsThis study was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline. An electronic search was completed using commonly used databases PubMed, CENTRAL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google scholar till the last search up to May 30, 2021. STATA version 13 was used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 13 studies [(12 for disease-free survival (DFS) and nine studies for overall survival (OS)] involving 4,857 patients met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review in the present study. In individuals with stage II CRC, stage III CRC, or mixed stage CRC, we observed a significantly higher pooled hazard ratio (HR) in those with a low TSR/greater stromal content (HR, 1.54; 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.88), (HR, 1.90; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.45), and (HR, 1.70; 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.95), respectively, for predicting DFS. We found that a low TSR ratio had a statistically significant predictive relevance for stage II (HR, 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.77) and mixed stages of CRC (HR, 1.65; 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.0) for outcome OS.ConclusionIn patients with CRC, low TSR was found to be a prognostic factor for a worse prognosis (DFS and OS).

scholarly journals Maternal and Fetal Outcomes after Prior Mid-Trimester Uterine Rupture: A Systematic Review with Our Experience

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1294
Author(s):  
Shinya Matsuzaki ◽  
Tsuyoshi Takiuchi ◽  
Takeshi Kanagawa ◽  
Satoko Matsuzaki ◽  
Misooja Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Uterine Rupture ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Spontaneous Uterine Rupture ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery ◽  
Placenta Accreta Spectrum ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background and Objectives: Since spontaneous uterine rupture in the mid-trimester is rare, maternal and fetal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the maternal and fetal outcomes of subsequent pregnancies after prior mid-trimester uterine rupture. Materials and Methods: A systematic review using PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus until 30 September 2021, was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The studies that clarified the maternal and fetal outcomes after prior mid-trimester uterine rupture and our case (n = 1) were included in the analysis. Results: Among the eligible cases, there were five women with eight subsequent pregnancies after prior mid-trimester uterine rupture. The timing of prior mid-trimester uterine rupture ranged from 15 to 26 weeks of gestation. The gestational age at delivery in subsequent pregnancies was 23–38 gestational weeks. Among the included cases (n = 8), those involving prior mid-trimester uterine rupture appeared to be associated with an increased prevalence of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) (n = 3, 37.5%) compared with those involving term uterine rupture published in the literature; moreover, one case exhibited recurrent uterine rupture at 23 weeks of gestation (12.5%). No maternal deaths have been reported in subsequent pregnancies following prior mid-trimester uterine rupture. Fetal outcomes were feasible, except for one pregnancy with recurrent mid-trimester uterine rupture at 23 weeks of gestation, whose fetus was alive complicated by cerebral palsy. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that clinicians should be aware of the possibility of PAS and possible uterine rupture in pregnancies after prior mid-trimester uterine rupture. Further case studies are warranted to assess maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies following prior mid-trimester prior uterine rupture.

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