Systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 vaccines safety, tolerability, and efficacy among HIV-infected patients

Objective To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of all recommended SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH), as well as an overview of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the vaccines in PLWH. Methods We searched six databases, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Medline, Medrxiv, Global research on COVID-19 database, and Google Scholar for studies investigating the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on PLWH. Results of the association were summarised by SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversion and level, vaccines efficacy and tolerability. A meta-analysis was performed for studies, using random-effects model and a pooled RR with 95% CI was reported. Results Twenty-three of the 1052 studies screened met the inclusion criteria. The review included 28, 246 participants among whom 79.55% (22,469/28, 246) were PLWH with median CD4 >=200 cells/mm3. The pooled estimate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversion and positive neutralizing antibodies after the second vaccination dose between PLWH vs HIV negative were RR 0.95 (95%CI: 0.92 to 0.99, P = 0.006) and 0.88 (95%CI: 0.82 to 0.95, P = 0.0007), respectively. The mean difference of IgG antibodies level (BAU/ml) was found higher in mRNA vaccines MD -1444.97 (95%CI: -1871.39 to -1018.55). PLWH with CD4 less than 500 cells/mm3 had 15% risk reduction of neutralizing antibodies response compared to those with CD4>=500 cells/mm3 (P = 0.003). The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness was 65% (95%CI: 56% to 72%, P <0.001) among vaccinated compared to unvaccinated PLWH. PLWH with CD4 count <350 cells/mm3 had lower vaccine effectiveness compared to CD4 count >=350 cells/mm3 with 59% vs 72%, respectively. Vaccine tolerability was the same between PLWH and HIV negatives. Conclusion According to our findings, PLWH with CD4>=200 cells/mm3 had lower immunogenicity and antigenicity in COVID-19 vaccines than HIV negatives. Additional doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are needful in PLWH.

Effect of Tango on Motor Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: In this study, we systematically reviewed the efficacy of tango in alleviating the motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: We searched internet databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science Core collection, and CNKI, for studies examining the effects of tango on the motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease, published from September 2021 to date. All types of tango intervention, including traditional tango, Argentinian tango, and adapted tango, were examined in our review. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of methodologies used in the included studies. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis.Result: Eleven studies that included 390 Parkinson's patients met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis indicated that after tango, PD patients showed a considerable decrease in the overall severity of motor symptoms and improvement in balance, functional mobility, fast gait velocity, preferred gait velocity, stride length, and gait cadence. Compared with exercise, tango showed stronger effects on balance and functional mobility; however, no significant differences in the severity of motor symptoms, fast gait velocity, or preferred gait velocity were observed between the group treated using tango and that treated using exercise.Conclusion: Interventions using tango may help alleviate the severity of motor symptoms, and specifically promote balance and functional mobility, in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, except for improving balance and functional mobility, tango showed no significant advantages over exercise in alleviation of motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Cuidado ao paciente em ecmo (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation): um desafio para a enfermagem neonatal

Objetivo: avaliar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre as intervenções de enfermagem no atendimento aorecém-nascido submetido à terapia de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Método: Pesquisa bibliográfica utilizandocomo fonte de pesquisa plataformas online como Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ePubmed, SCOPUS, Scielo nos últimos 15 anos, realizada no período de junho de 2019 à outubro de 2020. Resultado: a utilizaçãoda membrana de oxigenação extracorpórea é uma terapia de alta complexidade, cabendo ao enfermeiro, privativamente, aresponsabilidade pela assistência direta ao paciente submetido a esta intervenção. É primordial que o enfermeiro possua amploconhecimento técnico-científico sobre o procedimento a fim de garantir a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem e a segurançado paciente em uso da tecnologia em estudo. Conclusão: O conhecimento científico e a capacitação profissional são vistos comofatores determinantes para o êxito na implantação e manutenção da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea.

Safety of Cochlear Implantation in Children 12 Months or Younger: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective To systematically review the literature to determine safety of cochlear implantation in pediatric patients 12 months and younger. Data Source Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from inception to March 20, 2021. Review Methods Studies that involved patients 12 months and younger with report of intraoperative or postoperative complication outcomes were included. Studies selected were reviewed for complications, explants, readmissions, and prolonged hospitalizations. Two independent reviewers screened all studies that were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies included were assessed for quality and risk of bias. Results The literature search yielded 269 studies, of which 53 studies underwent full-text screening, and 18 studies were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 449 patients and 625 cochlear implants were assessed. Across all included studies, major complications were noted in 3.1% of patients (95% CI, 0.8-7.1) and 2.3% of cochlear implantations (95% CI, 0.6-5.2), whereas minor complications were noted in 2.4% of patients (95% CI, 0.4-6.0) and 1.8% of cochlear implantations (95% CI, 0.4-4.3). There were no anesthetic complications reported across all included studies. Conclusion The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that cochlear implantation in patients 12 months and younger is safe with similar rates of complications to older cohorts.

Nursing students' learning from involvement in research projects: an integrative literature review

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the learning outcomes and skills obtained of undergraduate nursing students involved in research projects. Methods: This was an integrative literature review, based on a research protocol in the CINAHL Complete databases; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cochrane Methodology Register; MedicLatina; MEDLINE, Scopus and JBI, including primary and secondary studies, published between 2015 and 2020. Results: A total of five heterogeneous articles were included, which were categorized using Kirkpatrick's (adapted) model. Seventeen learning outcomes acquired through participation in research projects were identified, from the learning of new knowledge and skills to the development of new attitudes and behaviors. Final considerations: The involvement of nursing students in research projects is important to their professional development. Future investment in research on this topic can help cement the potential of this type of student involvement.

Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) Visceral Leishmaniasis Library of Clinical Therapeutic Studies: A Protocol for a Living Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Introduction: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The disease is endemic in parts of South Asia, East Africa, South America and the Mediterranean region, with an estimated 50,000 to 90,000 cases occurring annually. A living systematic review of existing scientific literature is proposed to identify clinical drug efficacy studies against VL, conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic-Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Methods and analysis: The proposed living systematic review builds on a previous systematic review first carried out in 2016, and the current protocol is designed to capture any published or registered VL clinical study from Nov-2021 onwards. The following databases will be searched by a medical librarian: PubMed, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrials.gov, WHO ICTRP, as well as IMEMR, IMSEAR, and LILACS from the WHO Global Index Medicus. The systematic review will consider both randomised and non-randomised interventional studies, including single-armed studies. Ethics and dissemination: A database of eligible studies, including study characteristics, is openly available (https://www.iddo.org/tool/vl-surveyor) and will be continually updated every six months. All findings will be published in a peer reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021284622

Anesthetic management of emergency and planned endovideoscopic gynecological operations in the context of the COVID-19 novel coronavirus infection pandemic (review of the problem)

Purpose of the study. Extract original operational data containing information on the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the inclusion in the outcomes of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV‑19, descriptive analyzes and meta-analyzes, as in emergency and planned in gynecology, NSAIDs are used for the purpose of pain relief.Materials and methods. A systematic literature search was carried out to identify suitable studies in the electronic databases MEDLLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), domestic publications of the Russian information and analytical portal eLibrary.ru. The time horizon of publications on the problems of pain relief in women during endovideoscopic operations was 20 years. The search for publications in all languages on the use of NSAIDs in the conditions of SARS-CoV‑19 in all patient populations, regardless of gender, age, severity of the condition, was carried out for 2019–2021. The last search query is of 12/20/2021.Results and conclusions. The solution to a number of problems of anesthesia can be the refusal to use narcotic analgesics for endovideoscopic operations for female infertility. There is no clear clinical indication of the effect of NSAIDs on the risk of infection or an increase in the severity of SARS-CoV‑19 disease.

Interventions to Address Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions and Over-The-Counter Medication Use Among Adults 65 Years and Older in Primary Care Settings: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Purpose: To inform recommendations by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care on potentially inappropriate prescribing and over-the-counter (OTC) medication use among adults aged 65 years and older in primary care settings. This protocol outlines the planned scope and methods for a systematic review of the benefits and harms and acceptability of interventions to reduce potentially inappropriate prescriptions and OTC medication use.Methods: De novo systematic reviews will be conducted to synthesize the available evidence on (a) the benefits and harms of interventions to reduce potentially inappropriate prescriptions and OTC medications compared to no intervention, usual care, or non- or minimally-active intervention among adults aged 65 years and older and (b) the acceptability of these interventions or attributes among patients. Outcomes of interest for the benefits and harms review are all-cause mortality, hospitalization, non-serious adverse drug reactions, quality of life, emergency department visits, injurious falls, medical visits, and the number of medications (and number of pills). Outcomes for the acceptability review are the preference for and relative importance of different interventions or their attributes. For the benefits and harms review, we will search MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials. For the acceptability review, we will search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database for experimental and observational studies with a comparator. Websites of relevant organizations, other grey literature sources, and reference lists of included studies and reviews will be searched. Title and abstract screening will be completed by two independent reviewers using the liberal accelerated approach. Full-text review, data extraction, risk of bias assessments, and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development andEvaluation) will be completed independently by two reviewers, with any disagreements resolved by consensus or by consulting with a third reviewer. The GRADE approach will be used to assess the certainty of the evidence for outcomes.Discussion: The results of this systematic review will be used by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care to inform their recommendation on potentially inappropriate prescribing and OTC medication use among adults aged 65 years and older.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (KQ1: CRD [tbd]; KQ2: CRD [tbd]); Open Science Framework (link TBD).

APPLICATION OF BRAIN NEUROIMAGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CHILDHOOD OBESITY

The problem of obesity among children and adolescents is becoming more and more significant every year due to the increasing prevalence and its complications. Altered brain functioning is noted in obesity and contribute to eating behavior as well as the brain-gastrointestinal tractvisceral fat axis. This literature review is focuses on the issues of neuroimaging studies of the brain in obesity in childhood and the possibilities of various methods in the diagnosis and prediction of disorders. Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases from 2000 to 2021 were used for the literature search.

Effectiveness of Interventions for Dysphagia in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review

Purpose: Dysphagia is a common sequela of Parkinson disease (PD) and is associated with malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and mortality. This review article synthesized evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for dysphagia in PD. Method: Electronic searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and speechBITE. Of the 2,015 articles identified, 26 met eligibility criteria: interventional or observational studies with at least five or more participants evaluating dysphagia interventions in adults with PD-related dysphagia, with outcomes measured using videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), or electromyography (EMG). Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Evidence Project tool and predetermined criteria regarding the rigor of swallowing outcome measures. Results: Interventions were classified as follows: pharmacological ( n = 11), neurostimulation ( n = 8), and behavioral ( n = 7). Primary outcome measures varied across studies, including swallowing timing, safety, and efficiency, and were measured using VFSS ( n = 17), FEES ( n = 6), and EMG ( n = 4). Critical appraisal of study findings for RoB, methodological rigor, and transparency showed the majority of studies failed to adequately describe contrast media used, signal acquisition settings, and rater blinding to time point. Low certainty evidence generally suggested improved swallow timing with exercises with biofeedback and deep brain stimulation (DBS), improved safety with DBS and expiratory muscle strength training, and improved efficiency with the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment and levodopa. Conclusions: Studies with lower RoB and greater experimental rigor showed potential benefit in improving swallowing efficiency but not safety. Further research investigating discrete changes in swallowing pathophysiology post-intervention is warranted to guide dysphagia management in PD. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17132162