scholarly journals The Beauty of Incentivised capability-and-fee Competition Based Target-cost Contracting

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti Lahdenperä
Keyword(s):  
Target Cost ◽  
Fee Competition

Integrating economic, environmental and GIS modeling to target cost effective land retirement in multiple watersheds

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanhong Yang ◽  
Madhu Khanna ◽  
Richard Farnsworth ◽  
Hayri Önal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gis Modeling ◽  
Target Cost ◽  
Land Retirement

scholarly journals Implementation of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation on System on Programmable Chip

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Luong
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
System Design ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Space Vector ◽  
Embedded System Design ◽  
Target Cost ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Software Codes ◽  
System On Programmable Chip

For years, DSP has been the dominant tool in implementing gate switching for power inverter. It is a powerful and reliable technology in carrying out complex switching schemes. DSP is still expensive due to its intensive use of resource in chip fabrication. There is no flexibility in making change on hardware once a DSP chip is selected. It is also time consuming in a design development because the learning curve of the DSP is stiff. Recently, a new approach to the problem has emerged. It is called embedded system design. Basically, it is a FPGA system combined with a RISC type microprocessor. This is a robust combination that allows users to pick and choose any functional peripheral devices only as needed. Once the complete hardware platform is decided upon, the circuit is configured and down loaded to a chip. Software codes are then written to run the application. The hardware system is reconfigurable. Designers can always go back to change the hardware with ease in order to improve the performance and to meet the target cost. This is an attempt to utilize the embedded system design also called System on Programmable Chip (SOPC) to perform Space Vector Modulation (SVM) gate switching strategy. The Altera Nios II IDE tool is selected for this task.

A Comparison of Cognitive and Behavioral Approaches for Reducing Cost Bias in Social Anxiety

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Possis ◽  
Joshua J. Kemp ◽  
James J. Lickel ◽  
Jennifer T. Sy ◽  
Laura J. Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Target Cost ◽  
Social Interaction Anxiety ◽  
Single Session Intervention ◽  
Interaction Anxiety

Cognitive-behavioral theories suggest that anxiety is maintained in part by estimates of the probability and cost of feared negative outcomes. Social phobia may be unique among the anxiety disorders in that it is characterized by overestimates of the cost of events that are objectively noncatastrophic (e.g., committing social mishaps). As such, treatment approaches that target cost bias may be particularly effective in reducing social phobia symptoms. This study examined the efficacy of 2 cost-specific techniques in a single-session intervention for social anxiety. Individuals (n = 61) with elevated social interaction anxiety were randomly assigned to an expressive writing control condition, a cognitive restructuring condition, or a behavioral experiment condition. Results demonstrated that the cognitive restructuring condition produced significantly greater improvement in indices of social anxiety than the other conditions. Reduction in cost bias fully mediated the significantly greater improvement in social interaction anxiety in the cognitive restructuring condition relative to the behavioral experiment condition. The present findings highlight the value of techniques designed to reduce cost biases in social anxiety. Clinical implications are discussed.

Factor-based target cost modelling for construction projects

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aladdin Alwisy ◽  
Ahmed Bouferguene ◽  
Mohamed Al-Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Target Cost ◽  
Cost Modelling ◽  
Building Components ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Efficient Exploration ◽  
Design Estimate

Target value design (TVD) principles set the main guidelines for the design-estimate process that allow the efficient exploration of available construction alternatives, thereby helping construction companies to reduce cost-to-design, cost-to-build, and improve the quality of construction projects. The successful application of TVD requires a clear understanding of the interactions among construction components. The proposed target cost modelling approach introduces an algorithmic factor-based framework to advance TVD that supports the design-estimate process by examining the relationships among building components, their direct and indirect impact on project overall cost and value. Construction factors control compatibility and performance analysis among available construction alternatives. Costing factors contribute to the development of mathematical costing models capable of automatically calculating the cost of compatible alternatives. Finally, rule-based analysis, developed under an appropriate programming environment, executes alternative value analysis to develop a detailed estimate with an improved overall value for construction projects.

scholarly journals Research into Customer Preferences of Potential Buyers of Simple Wood-based Houses for the Purpose of Using the Target Costing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Potkány ◽  
Monika Škultétyová
Keyword(s):  
Target Costing ◽  
Target Price ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Customer Preference ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
Target Cost ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Specialized Exhibition

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of a research into the customer preferences of potential buyers of simple wood-based house for the purpose of using the Target Costing methodology. Respondents’ opinions of 280 customers were obtained through direct interviews taking place at a specialized exhibition of furniture and timber constructions in Slovakia. The object of the research was a simple wood-based house, namely a weekend garden cottage, made of northern spruce at the level of target price 9,320 €. The paper contribution is represented by the use of the Target Costing methodology in the conditions of wood-processing industry while defining the customer preference for a specific product with the subsequent use for a functional cost analysis and determining the target cost index of the evaluated components. Presented results can be used as information database for decision making in the field of make or buy decisions at the level of fixed purchase prices of individual components or as the upper price limit for producing the components by the business itself.

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