What the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies Tell Us about Economic Inequalities and Human Rights: An Empirical Analysis of Twenty Years of Practice

This article illustrates the connection between the rise of social movements and the profound transformations in the ways post-conflict societies symbolize their difficult past. It examines how the 2011 Chilean student movement developed an alternative memory about Chile's Pinochet regime. I show how the movement claimed fundamental changes within the educational and political systems, framing its demands as a critical response to the socioeconomic neoliberal transformations set in motion by the Pinochet military regime. Through an empirical analysis of the 2011 student movement that combines 60 in-depth interviews with young activists with archival research, this article demonstrates how an alternative version of the dictatorial past was closely linked to the movement's goals and affected internal dynamics of belonging. The results indicate that participants managed to go beyond traumatic narratives concerning human rights crimes that had been dominant in the Chilean public memory about the dictatorship. Therefore, they presented a change that constituted a major challenge to the future of the politics of memory in Chile.

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Explaining State Violence in the Guatemalan Civil War: Rebel Threat and Counterinsurgency

Latin American Politics and Society ◽

10.1111/laps.12026 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 48-71

Author(s):

Yuichi Kubota

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Civil War ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Propensity Score Matching ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

State Violence ◽

Response Model ◽

The Government ◽

Guatemalan Civil War ◽

Human Injury

AbstractLiterature on the Guatemalan Civil War has debated whether or not state violence was triggered by rebel activities. Did the government respond to each insurrection caused by the rebels, or did it blindly target regions where antigovernment antipathy and movements had historically prevailed? Because state violence was extensive during the civil war period, the dynamism of the war could have been the reason for its occurrence. Relying on the threat-response model of state violence, this article argues that human rights violations occurred when the government perceived a rebel threat that would have seriously degraded its capability in future counterinsurgencies. The article employs propensity score matching to address the problem of confounding in empirical analysis, and reveals that rebel attacks, particularly those targeting security apparatus and resulting in human injury, increased the likelihood of state violence in the Guatemalan Civil War.

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Humanitarian Aid and War Economies: The Case of Yemen

The Economics of Peace and Security Journal ◽

10.15355/epsj.16.1.52 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Moosa Elayah ◽

Matilda Fenttiman

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Humanitarian Aid ◽

Fragile States ◽

Humanitarian Crisis ◽

Staff Members ◽

Financial Gain ◽

The World ◽

International Donors ◽

Alternative Solutions

Although humanitarian aid (HA) is desperately needed in Yemen to cope with the worst humanitarian crisis in the world, few studies have analyzed the effect of these grants. This article provides such an analysis using 34 interviews of NGO directors and staff members in Yemen. The interviews were conducted in an open format, to enable interviewees to express all their ideas on the HA situation in Yemen, not just ones that solely fit into the frame and questions of this study. Our empirical analysis indicates that the ability of local NGOs to use and deliver supplies to those suffering is severely constrained. This is mainly due to looting by conflicting factions, corruption, and the absence of the international deterrent that obliges the conflicting parties to preserve human rights. Furthermore, this study indicates that HA is being used as a weapon of war for power and financial gain, and thus is a contributing factor in the continuation of the conflict. This means it is important that international donors explore alternative solutions to effectively deliver and distribute HA in fragile states.

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Lustration of Judges in Ukraine: National Insights and European Implications

Access to Justice in Eastern Europe ◽

10.33327/ajee-18-3.4-a000037 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 226-245

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

European Countries ◽

Deep Insight ◽

Social Feedback ◽

Social Demand ◽

European Court ◽

The Law ◽

Insight Into

This article primarily focuses on the Ukrainian judge lustration, analysed from diverse aspects. Ukraine’s legal lustration framework engenders two legal acts— the Law On Restoring Trust into Judicial Power in Ukraine (2014) and the law On Purification of Government (2014). Social feedback on adopting these Laws, their key objectives, provided instruments and efficiency issues are discussed. This research particularly scrutinises the fundamental European lustration standards, referencing a few European countries’ experiences: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland. Deep insight into national lustration procedures is given, considering the European Court of Human Rights’ relevant rulings and the Ukrainian Constitution’s provisions. Remarks on whether all lustration laws comply with the Ukrainian Constitution are offered. Addressing the High Council of Justice’s precedents, a judicial body entitled to verify the judges’ lustration results, an in-depth empirical analysis of those procedural results are provided. Overall, Ukrainian lustration embodies a unique phenomenon due to strong social demand formalized in specially designed regulation.

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The role of endowments in the realization of peace and human rights

Propósitos y Representaciones ◽

10.20511/pyr2021.v9nspe1.890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (SPE1) ◽

Author(s):

Jafar Sabbaghian Deloui ◽

Ali Pourqasab Amiri ◽

Alireza Jahangiri ◽

Ahmad Reza Behniafar

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Social Justice ◽

Third Generation ◽

Right To Education ◽

The Third ◽

Right To Development ◽

Positive Peace ◽

The Right ◽

Economic Inequalities

The results of this article indicate that positive peace focuses on health, disease and the fight against disease, poverty, social and economic inequalities, and the realization of social justice and at the same time, the components of the third generation of human rights are trying to realize such things as the right to development, the right to education and the right to occupation that due to its functions, endowment plays an important role in providing the mentioned items. In conclusion, it can be said that endowment is effective in strengthening and promoting positive peace and the components of the third generation of human rights.

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How Do Entrenched Boards Reduce Human Rights Violations? An Empirical Analysis

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2253646 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Pandej Chintrakarn ◽

Pattanaporn Kitsabunnarat-Chatjuthamard ◽

Pornsit Jiraporn

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Human Rights Violations

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