scholarly journals Closing the Gap: The Need for Inclusive Benefit-cost Analysis in Policing

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Fackler ◽  
Christian Henrichson ◽  
Elizabeth Jànszky ◽  
S. Rebecca Neusteter
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact

This article first catalogs the curious lack of benefit-cost analysis (BCA) in policing, given the increasing use of BCA in other areas of criminal justice. Policing has historically been viewed through a benefit-only lens, focusing almost exclusively on the welfare gains associated with the incapacitation of dangerous offenders and the deterrence of future criminal activity. The benefit-only perspective fails to take into account the significant costs of enforcement. Most saliently, the benefit-only perspective limits the discussion of the costs to policing. We argue that BCA of policing should not be limited to the financial perspective of any municipality, but must include the full nonbudgetary social costs and benefits felt by all those who feel the impact of policing. Social costs should include all direct and indirect costs borne by members of society who are impacted by policing practices in addition to costs that appear in police department budgets.

Dynamic investment considerations in forestry project evaluations

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Nautiyal ◽  
J. L. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Project Evaluation ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Investment Analysis ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Investment ◽  
Forestry Project ◽  
Benefit Cost

The reasons why benefit–cost analysis has not been very popular with foresters are indicated. Consideration of relative price changes and inflation, social costs of alternative projects, and most significantly, the dynamics of project evaluation can make forestry projects assume their due importance in investment analysis without resorting to the dubious logic of using lower discount rates than those used for other projects.

Research in Health Economics: A Survey

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton A. Weisbrod
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Care System

This paper surveys the types of issues with which health economists have been concerned. It is intended to introduce noneconomists to the kinds of questions that economists have regarded as important. Economists' work in the health economics area may be usefully divided into “positive” and “normative” studies. Positive studies are those designed to describe, or make predictions about, how the health care system, or parts of it, actually operate. Conversely, normative studies are intended to provide statements as to how the health care system should operate. The major areas surveyed include the concept and estimation of the “production function” for health, the distinction between private and social costs, determinants of prices of medical inputs, and benefit-cost analysis.

scholarly journals The Combination of Lab and Field Experiments for Benefit-Cost Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphan Marette ◽  
Jutta Roosen ◽  
Sandrine Blanchemanche
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Tax ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the combination of laboratory and field experiments in defining a welfare framework and the impact of different regulatory tools on consumer behaviors. First, an overview of strengths and weaknesses raised by the experimental literature show that, for food consumption, lab and field experiments may be complementary to each other. The lab experiment elicits willingness to pay useful for determining per-unit damages based on well-informed, thoughtful preferences, while the field experiment determines purchase/consumption reactions in real contexts. Second, the analytical approach suggests how to combine the results of both lab and field experiments to determine the welfare impact of different regulatory tools such as labels and/or taxes. Third, an empirical application focuses on a lab and a field experiment conducted in France to evaluate the impact of regulation on fish consumption. Estimations for the French tuna market show that a per-unit tax on tuna and/or an advisory policy lead to welfare improvements.

scholarly journals The Impact of Career Concerns and Cognitive Dissonance on Bureaucrats’ Use of Benefit-Cost Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-424
Author(s):  
Johanna Jussila Hammes
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
Budget Constraint ◽  
Career Concerns ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Agenda Setter ◽  
Reservation Wages ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPrevious research shows that Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) is seldom done in Sweden, and that the results e.g., in Norway and the Netherlands do not influence the ultimate policy choice. We explain why bureaucrats may choose (not) to do a BCA with cognitive- and search costs coupled with career concerns. Given the initial policy chosen by an agenda setter, bureaucrats who stay working at an agency have policy preferences close to the initial policy; those with reservation wages above a threshold quit and therefore do not influence policy. The bureaucrats’ preferences converge to the initial policy level over time. A BCA reveals the inefficiency of the initial policy and the bureaucrats consequently have no incentive to do one, except when the policy is restricted by a binding governmental budget constraint.

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