scholarly journals Valuing Protection against Health-Related Financial Risks

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 106-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Skinner ◽  
Kalipso Chalkidou ◽  
Dean T. Jamison
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Benefits And Costs

There is strong interest in both developing and developed countries toward expanding health insurance coverage. How should the benefits, and costs, of expanded coverage be measured? While the value of reducing the financial risks that result from insurance coverage have long been recognized, there has been less attention in how best to measure such benefits. In this paper, we first provide a framework for assessing the financial value from health insurance. We focus on three distinct potential benefits: Pooling the risk of unexpected medical expenditures between healthy and sick households, redistributing resources from high- to low-income recipients and smoothing consumption over time. We then use this theoretical framework and an illustrative example to provide practical guidelines for benefit-cost analysis in capturing the full benefits (and costs) of expanding health insurance coverage. We conclude by considering other potential financial effects of broad insurance coverage, such as the ability to consolidate purchases and thus lower input prices.

scholarly journals The convergence of racial and income disparities in health insurance coverage in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Chih Lee ◽  
Hailun Liang ◽  
Leiyu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Vulnerability Measure

Abstract Objective This study applied the vulnerability framework and examined the combined effect of race and income on health insurance coverage in the US. Data source The household component of the US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS-HC) of 2017 was used for the study. Study design Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between insurance coverage status and vulnerability measure, comparing insured with uninsured or insured for part of the year, insured for part of the year only, and uninsured only, respectively. Data collection/extraction methods We constructed a vulnerability measure that reflects the convergence of predisposing (race/ethnicity), enabling (income), and need (self-perceived health status) attributes of risk. Principal findings While income was a significant predictor of health insurance coverage (a difference of 6.1–7.2% between high- and low-income Americans), race/ethnicity was independently associated with lack of insurance. The combined effect of income and race on insurance coverage was devastating as low-income minorities with bad health had 68% less odds of being insured than high-income Whites with good health. Conclusion Results of the study could assist policymakers in targeting limited resources on subpopulations likely most in need of assistance for insurance coverage. Policymakers should target insurance coverage for the most vulnerable subpopulation, i.e., those who have low income and poor health as well as are racial/ethnic minorities.

France

2021 ◽  
pp. 558-589
Author(s):  
Matthias Brunn ◽  
Patrick Hassenteufel
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
New Public ◽  
Unusual Combination

This chapter offers an in-depth look at health politics and the national health insurance system in France. It traces the development of the French healthcare system through its series of political regimes, characterized by its unusual combination of statism and corporatism. Since the 1990s, a technocratic consensus emerged that has led to new public management reforms, tighter parliamentary control of social security budgets, and efforts to improve coverage by subsidizing supplementary voluntary health insurance coverage for low-income persons and increasing tax-financing. Other healthcare issues have been regional health inequalities, reimbursement of medical professionals, and individuals’ responsibility for their health.

Trends in Disparities in Low-Income Children's Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Care by Family Immigration Status

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Jarlenski ◽  
Julia Baller ◽  
Sonya Borrero ◽  
Wendy L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Children's Health Insurance

Impact of Subsidized Health Insurance Coverage on Emergency Department Utilization by Low-income Adults in Massachusetts

Medical Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lee ◽  
Ru Ding ◽  
Scott L. Zeger ◽  
Aidan McDermott ◽  
Getachew Habteh-Yimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Emergency Department Utilization

scholarly journals Patterns of Care in Michigan Emergency Departments as Insurance Coverage Expands

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Mamou ◽  
Matthew Davis ◽  
Jim Collins ◽  
Jay Fiedler ◽  
Tiffany Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance System ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Care Services ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Increasing Trends

Using the Michigan Syndromic Surveillance System changes in emergency department (ED) volume are being monitored as health insurance coverage expands through the Healthy Michigan Plan (HMP), which provides healthcare coverage to low-income adults. Seasonally adjusted monthly ED visits prior to and after the HMP implementation on April 1, 2014 are being compared. Preliminary data show increasing trends in ED utilization among populations with previously low levels of health insurance coverage. Increased health insurance coverage may expand healthcare service options beyond EDs. Alternatively, the demand for primary care services may exceed the level of access leading to increased ED utilization for primary care.

California’s Health4All Kids Expansion And Health Insurance Coverage Among Low-Income Noncitizen Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083
Author(s):  
Brandy J. Lipton ◽  
Jefferson Nguyen ◽  
Melody K. Schiaffino
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage

scholarly journals A National Survey of Trends in Health Insurance Coverage of Low-Income Adults Following Medicaid Expansion

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1911-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Olfson ◽  
Melanie M. Wall ◽  
Colleen L. Barry ◽  
Christine Mauro ◽  
Tianshu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Medicaid Expansion

The Incidence of Health Shocks, Formal Health Insurance, and Informal Coping Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-695
Author(s):  
Samuel Amponsah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Health Shocks ◽  
Economics Of Health ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, both theoretical and empirical research has accumulated in development economics literature regarding household behavior in response to shocks in developing countries. The literature especially has explored deeply the impact of weather-related shocks—such as droughts and floods—and the efficiency of informal mechanisms to cope with these shocks. In sharp contrast, our knowledge on the economics of health shocks in low-income developing countries is rather limited. A few studies have documented that low incomes and poor health insurance coverage account for catastrophic medical expenditures in the event of a health shock. This study uses a combination of Ghanaian household survey datasets to examine the different coping mechanisms employed by uninsured households to protect themselves from the incidence of health shocks. In addition, it explores the impact of formal health insurance (the National Health Insurance Scheme) on households’ out-of-pocket spending and catastrophic health expenditures.

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