Recognize Everyone’s Interests: An Algorithm for Ethical Decision-Making about Trade-Off Problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Tobey K. Scharding
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Trolley Problem ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Group I ◽  
Equal Concern ◽  
Do So

This article addresses a dilemma about autonomous vehicles: how to respond to trade-off scenarios in which all possible responses involve the loss of life but there is a choice about whose life or lives are lost. I consider four options: kill fewer people, protect passengers, equal concern for survival, and recognize everyone’s interests. I solve this dilemma via what I call the new trolley problem, which seeks a rationale for the intuition that it is unethical to kill a smaller number of people to avoid killing a greater number of people based on numbers alone. I argue that killing a smaller number of people to avoid killing a greater number of people based on numbers alone is unethical because it disrespects the humanity of the individuals in the smaller-numbered group. I defend the recognize-everyone’s-interests algorithm, which will probably kill fewer people but will not do so based on numbers alone.

Integration of Relational Databases in ethical decision-making for autonomous vehicles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo E. Juarez ◽  
Marta Yelamos Caceres ◽  
Franco D. Menendez ◽  
Cristian Lafuente ◽  
Leonardo Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making

scholarly journals Ethical decision making for autonomous vehicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson De Moura ◽  
Raja Chatila ◽  
Katherine Evans ◽  
Stephane Chauvier ◽  
Ebru Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making

When AI Ethics Goes Astray: A Case Study of Autonomous Vehicles

2020 ◽  
pp. 089443932090650
Author(s):  
Hubert Etienne
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Choice ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Computational Social Choice ◽  
Moral Systems ◽  
Ai Ethics

This article discusses the dangers of the Moral Machine (MM) experiment, alerting against both its uses for normative ends and the whole approach it is built upon to address ethical issues. It explores additional methodological limits of the experiment on top of those already identified by its authors; exhibits the dangers of computational moral systems for modern democracies, such as the “voting-based system” recently developed out of the MM’s data; and provides reasons why ethical decision-making fundamentally excludes computational social choice methods.

scholarly journals Ethical Decision Making in Autonomous Vehicles: The AV Ethics Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 3285-3312
Author(s):  
Katherine Evans ◽  
Nelson de Moura ◽  
Stéphane Chauvier ◽  
Raja Chatila ◽  
Ebru Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Claims

AbstractThe ethics of autonomous vehicles (AV) has received a great amount of attention in recent years, specifically in regard to their decisional policies in accident situations in which human harm is a likely consequence. Starting from the assumption that human harm is unavoidable, many authors have developed differing accounts of what morality requires in these situations. In this article, a strategy for AV decision-making is proposed, the Ethical Valence Theory, which paints AV decision-making as a type of claim mitigation: different road users hold different moral claims on the vehicle’s behavior, and the vehicle must mitigate these claims as it makes decisions about its environment. Using the context of autonomous vehicles, the harm produced by an action and the uncertainties connected to it are quantified and accounted for through deliberation, resulting in an ethical implementation coherent with reality. The goal of this approach is not to define how moral theory requires vehicles to behave, but rather to provide a computational approach that is flexible enough to accommodate a number of ‘moral positions’ concerning what morality demands and what road users may expect, offering an evaluation tool for the social acceptability of an autonomous vehicle’s ethical decision making.

Dialectical Interactions: Decoupling and Integrating Ethics in Ethics Initiatives

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spoma Jovanovic ◽  
Roy V. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Ethics Code ◽  
Positive Feature ◽  
Integrating Ethics ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT:Evidence abounds that when ethics initiatives are decoupled from the actual work of organizations, ethics policies may become little more than “window dressing” (Weaver, Trevino, and Cochran 1999; Collen and Gonella 2002). We found, however, an unexpected, positive feature of decoupling in the study of a local government; namely, when organizational members engage in discussions that turn away from the letter of an ethics code they often do so to address higher ethical principles embedded in the spirit of the code. The decoupled understanding of the code in these cases becomes a symbolic, legitimating gesture grounded not in strict provisions but in creative and complex interactions. This counterintuitive explanation of decoupling capitalizes on discourse that evolves from a legalistic interpretation to rich discussions that value the multiplicity of voices within organizational life. What follows is that ethical decision making emerges as creative, dynamic, and responsive to its constituents.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTALISM AND ETHICAL DECISION MAKING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Ahmet COŞKUN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Ethical Business ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Do So

This study tries to reveal the dynamics of ethical business decision making process about environmental issues, in terms of Theory of planned behaviour framework. To do so, a survey analysis was held with 167 university students by taking an online questionnaire and the data were statistically analysed by using a statistic software (SPSS). Results showed that ethical behaviour intentions have significant positive relationships with environmentalism, ethical attitudes toward environment and perceived behavioural control. Demographic factor groups were found to have no significant differences in any of the variables.

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