Transnational organized crime and the state

2009 ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Williams
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
The State ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime

scholarly journals Illicit Transnational Enterprises and the State

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
Anna I. Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Weak States ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
Transnational Activities

This article aims at contributing to the current debate over the effects of illicit transnational activities on states. Recent avenues of conceptualizing transnational organized crime call for defining it as an economic activity with the scope of profit, rather than a criminal activity. Illicit transnational business activities largely follow the trends in development of legal business. The transnational criminal enterprises emerged in parallel to the growth of multinational corporations, making use of the same opportunities as legal business did. The article discusses violence by illicit enterprises and reviews current theoretical debate on the linkages between illicit enterprises and the state. The paper then proceeds with an empirical analysis of the effects of the presence of illicit enterprises on state weakness. We have hypothesized that weak states may have higher presence of criminal businesses. The findings generally confirm significant correlation between the two variables. State fragility is positively correlated with the presence of organized crime. Testing these results against empirical evidence partially confirms the findings. However, this correlation might be weakened by the observation that the presence of illicit enterprises alone does not determine state fragility or strength. 

Globalization and the Emergence of Violent Non-state Actors: The Case of Human Trafficking

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zhidkova
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examines the impact of globalization on the emergence of human trafficking as a transnational security threat. The author discusses the relationship between globalization and violent non-state actors (VNSAs), seeing human trafficking as one of VNSAs threatening the state in the age of globalization. The erosion of state sovereignty and emergence of transnational organized crime are analyzed in an attempt to understand the role of globalization in transforming human trafficking into a transnational challenge.

The Implementation Review Mechanism of the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Ian Tennant ◽  
Prem Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
The State ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Civil Society Participation ◽  
Review Mechanism

Abstract When the UNTOC came into being in 2000 at a signing ceremony in the Sicilian city of Palermo, it was hoped that the convention would empower civil society to fight transnational organized crime (TOC), alongside the state. This article examines the Implementation Review Mechanism, agreed by the Convention’s Parties in Vienna in 2018, which formalises the process by which civil society will be able to engage in monitoring and improving the implementation of the Convention. The article analyses the provisions of the mechanism pertaining to civil society participation, and finds that the UNTOC Review Mechanism, despite being an achievement of sorts, remains weak as it pertains to the opportunities for civil society to influence its outcomes. But despite its drawbacks, there are opportunities to be seized. Civil society, especially as regards those individuals and organizations working on organized crime issues, is evolving and growing. The mechanism exists where nothing similar has been seen before in the TOC sphere, and there is a critical mass of States parties that are willing to open the door to civil society with the aim of optimizing the outcomes of the mechanism. It is now up to civil society to organize itself for the upcoming challenge.

scholarly journals MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE TREATIES (MLATs) SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PEMBERANTASAN KEJAHATAN INTERNASIONAL

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noer Indriati
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Mutual Legal Assistance ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
Year 2000

International contractual law is an order which must respect and adhered by pertinent of the parties in agreement. The formal and informal relation between the citizen or corporate have very intensively. International badness which pass boundaries jurisdiction of the state have increase in the form which is sophisticated and the frequency which progressively often. Because of international badness which have more progressively is needed cooperation between the state which it is more coordinated as straightening of law. Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATS) emerge because eradication of insufficient badness upheld by agreement of extradition. Form of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATS) have agreed on, for example United Nations Convention Against Corruption Year 2003, United nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime Year 2000. While in the level of ASEAN, Treaty Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters year 2004. Kata kunci: kejahatan internasional, perjanjian internasional

scholarly journals Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana García Pinzón ◽  
Jorge Mantilla
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spatial Category ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Social Orders ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Based on the conceptualizations of organized crime as both an enterprise and a form of governance, borderland as a spatial category, and borders as institutions, this paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the Colombian-Venezuelan borderlands. It posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit. In doing so, these groups set norms to regulate socio-spatial practices, informal and illegal economies, and migration flows, creating overlapping social orders and, lastly, (re)shaping the borderland. Theoretically, the analysis brings together insights from political geography, border studies, and organized crime literature, while empirically, it draws on direct observation, criminal justice data, and in-depth interviews.

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